Multiphotonique Time Lapse imagerie de visualiser le développement en temps réel : visualisation de la migration des cellules neurales de crête dans des embryons de poisson-zèbre
Summary
Une combinaison des techniques optiques avancées de lecture avec excitation de fluorescence multi-photons longue longueur d’onde de laser a été mis en œuvre pour capturer l’imagerie haute résolution, en trois dimensions, en temps réel de la migration de la crête neurale en Tg (sox10:EGFP) et les embryons de poissons zèbres Tg (foxd3:GFP).
Abstract
L’oeil congénitales et des anomalies cranio-faciales reflètent les perturbations dans la crête neurale, une population nomade de cellules souches migratrices qui donnent lieu à nombreux types de cellules dans tout le corps. Comprendre la biologie de la crête neurale a été limité, ce qui reflète un manque de modèles génétiquement tractable pouvant être étudié in vivo et en temps réel. Poisson zèbre est un modèle de développement particulièrement important pour l’étude des populations de cellules migratrices, comme la crête neurale. Afin d’examiner la migration de la crête neurale dans le œil en voie de développement, une combinaison des techniques optiques avancées de lecture avec excitation de fluorescence multi-photons de grande longueur d’onde de laser a été mis en place pour capturer des vidéos de haute résolution, en trois dimensions, en temps réel de le œil en développement chez les embryons de poisson-zèbre transgéniques, nommément Tg (sox10:EGFP) et Tg (foxd3:GFP), comme sox10 et foxd3 ont été présentés dans plusieurs modèles animaux de réglementer une différenciation précoce crête neurale et représentent probablement des marqueurs de cellules neurales de crête. Les Time-lapse imagerie multiphotonique servait à discerner le comportement et les habitudes migratoires des deux populations de cellules neurales de crête contribuant au développement d’oeil au début. Ce protocole fournit des informations pour générer des vidéos time-lapse pendant la migration de poisson-zèbre de crête neurale, à titre d’exemple et peut être davantage appliqué pour visualiser le début du développement de nombreuses structures dans le poisson-zèbre et autres organismes modèles.
Introduction
Congenital eye diseases can cause childhood blindness and are often due to abnormalities of the cranial neural crest. Neural crest cells are transient stem cells that arise from the neural tube and form numerous tissues throughout the body.1,2,3,4,5 Neural crest cells, derived from the prosencephalon and mesencephalon, give rise to the bone and cartilage of the midface and frontal regions, and the iris, cornea, trabecular meshwork, and sclera in the anterior segment of the eye.4,6,7,8 Neural crest cells from the rhombencephalon form the pharyngeal arches, jaw, and cardiac outflow tract.1,3,4,9,10 Studies have highlighted the contributions of the neural crest to ocular and periocular development, emphasizing the importance of these cells in vertebrate eye development. Indeed, disruption of neural crest cell migration and differentiation lead to craniofacial and ocular anomalies as observed in Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome and Peters Plus Syndrome.11,12,13,14,15,16,17 Thus, a comprehensive understanding of the migration, proliferation and differentiation of these neural crest cells will provide insight into the complexities underlying congenital eye diseases.
The zebrafish is a powerful model organism for studying ocular development, as the structures of the zebrafish eye are similar to their mammalian counterparts, and many genes are evolutionarily conserved between zebrafish and mammals.18,19,20 In addition, zebrafish embryos are transparent and oviparous, facilitating the visualization of eye development in real-time.
Expanding on previously published work,6,7,20 the migratory pattern of neural crest cells was described using multi-photon fluorescence time-lapse imaging on transgenic zebrafish lines labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the transcriptional control of the SRY (sex-determining region Y)-box 10 (sox10) or Forkhead Box D3 (foxd3) gene regulatory regions.21,22,23,24. Multi-photon fluorescence time-lapse imaging is a powerful technique that combines the advanced optical techniques of laser scanning microscopy with long wavelength multi-photon fluorescence excitation to capture high-resolution, three-dimensional images of specimens tagged with fluorophores.25,26,27 The use of the multi-photon laser has distinct advantages over standard confocal microscopy, including increased tissue penetration and decreased fluorophore bleaching.
Using this method, two distinct populations of neural crest cells varying in timing of migration and migratory pathways were discriminated, namely foxd3-positive neural crest cells in the periocular mesenchyme and developing eye and sox10-positive neural crest cells in the craniofacial mesenchyme. With this method, an approach to visualize the migration of ocular and craniofacial neural crest migration in zebrafish is introduced, making it easy to observe regulated neural crest migration in real time during development.
This protocol provides information for generating time-lapse videos during early eye development in Tg(sox10:EGFP) and Tg(foxd3:GFP) transgenic zebrafish, as an example. This protocol can be further applied for the high-resolution, three-dimensional, real-time visualization of the early development of any ocular and craniofacial structure derived from neural crest cells in zebrafish. Moreover, this method can further be applied for the visualization of the development of other tissues and organs in zebrafish and other animal models.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Les Time-lapse imagerie multiphotonique permet le suivi in vivo des populations de cellules migratrices et transitoire. Cette technique puissante permet d’étudier les processus embryonnaires en temps réel, et dans la présente étude, les résultats de cette méthode a amélioré les connaissances actuelles de la migration des cellules neurales de crête et le développement. Les études d’imagerie Time-lapse antérieures utilisent généralement laser confocal, microscopie à balayage. 2…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Les auteurs remercient Thomas Schilling pour gifting gentiment le poisson Tg (sox10:eGFP) et Mary Halloran pour gentiment gifting le poisson(foxd3:GFP) de Tg.
Materials
| Breeding Tanks with Dividers | Aquaneering | ZHCT100 | Crossing Tank Set (1.0-liter) Clear Polycarbonate with Lid and Insert |
| M205 FA Combi-Scope | Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH | Stereofluorescence Microscope – FusionOptics and TripleBeam | |
| Sodium Chloride | Millipore (EMD) | 7760-5KG | Double PE sack. CAS No. 7647-14-5, EC Number 231-598-3 |
| Potassium Chloride | Millipore (EMD) | 1049380500 | Potassium chloride 99.999 Suprapur. CAS No. 7447-40-7, EC Number 231-211-8. |
| Calcium Chloride Dihydrate | Fisher Scientific | C79-500 | Poly bottle; 500 g. CAS No. 10035-04-8 |
| Magnesium Sulfate (Anhydrous) | Millipore (EMD) | MX0075-1 | Poly bottle; 500 g. CAS No. 7487-88-9, EC Number 231-298-2 |
| Methylene Blue | Millipore (EMD) | 284-12 | Glass bottle; 25 g. Powder, Certified Biological Stain |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | Millipore (EMD) | SX0320-1 | Poly bottle; 500 g. Powder, GR ACS. CAS No. 144-55-8, EC Number 205-633-8 |
| N-Phenylthiourea | Sigma | P7629-25G | >98%. CAS Number 103-85-5, EC Number 203-151-2 |
| Dimethylsulfoxide | Sigma | D8418-500ML | Molecular Biology grade. CAS Number 67-68-5, EC Number 200-664-3 |
| Tricaine Methanesulfonate | Western Chemical Inc. | MS222 | Tricaine-S |
| Low-Melt Agarose | ISC Bioexpress | E-3112-25 | GeneMate Sieve GQA Low Melt Agarose, 25 g |
| Open Bath Chamber | Warner Instruments | RC-40HP | High Profile |
| Glass Coverslips | Fisher Scientific | 12-545-102 | Circle cover glass. 25 mm diameter |
| High Vacuum Grease | Fisher Scientific | 14-635-5C | 2.0-lb. tube. DOW CORNING CORPORATION 1658832 |
| Quick Exchange Platform | Warner Instruments | QE-1 | 35 mm |
| Stage Adapter | Warner Instruments | SA-20LZ-AL | 16.5 x 10 cm |
| TC SP5 MP multi-photon microscope | Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH | ||
| Mai Tai DeepSee Ti-Sapphire Laser | SpectraPhysics | ||
| Laser Safety Box | Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH | ||
| Leica Application Suite X (LAS X) Software | Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH | ||
| Photoshop CS 6 Version 13.0 x64 Software | Adobe | ||
| iMovie Version 10.1.4 Software | Apple |
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