Summary

Die Herstellung von pluripotenten Stammzellen aus Maus Fruchtwasserzellen ein Transposon-System verwenden

Published: February 28, 2017
doi:

Summary

In this study, we generate induced pluripotent stem cells from mouse amniotic fluid cells, using a non-viral-based transposon system.

Abstract

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from mouse and human somatic cells by forced expression of defined transcription factors using different methods. Here, we produced iPS cells from mouse amniotic fluid cells, using a non-viral-based transposon system. All obtained iPS cell lines exhibited characteristics of pluripotent cells, including the ability to differentiate toward derivatives of all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. This strategy opens up the possibility of using cells from diseased fetuses to develop new therapies for birth defects.

Introduction

Eine vorgeburtliche Diagnostik ist ein wichtiges klinisches Werkzeug , um genetische Krankheiten zu bewerten (dh Chromosomenaberrationen, monogenetische oder polygenetische / multifaktoriellen Erkrankungen) und angeborene Fehlbildungen (zB Zwerchfellhernie, zystische Lungenläsionen, Exomphalos, gastroschisis). Nachwasser (AF) Zellen sind einfach von routinemäßig geplanten Prozeduren während des zweiten Trimesters der Schwangerschaft (dh Amniozentese und amnioreduction) oder Kaiserschnitte 1, 2 zu erhalten. Die Verfügbarkeit von AF – Zellen aus der pränatalen oder Neugeborenen Patienten bietet die Möglichkeit , diese Quelle für die regenerative Medizin und mehrere Forscher untersuchten die Möglichkeit , verschiedene Gewebeschäden oder Krankheiten zu behandeln , um eine Stammzellpopulation mit getrennt von AF 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Die Möglichkeit, leicht AF-Zellen aus erkrankten Patienten erhalten wird, in einem Zeitfenster, in dem die Krankheit oft stationär ist, öffnet den Weg für die Idee der Verwendung dieser Zellquelle für eine Neuprogrammierung Zwecke. Tatsächlich induzierte pluripotente Stammzellen (iPS) aus AF – Zellen abgeleiteten Zellen könnten für in vitro Drogentests oder für das Tissue Engineering Ansätze in den Zellen von Interesse unterschieden werden, um eine ausreichende patientenspezifischen Therapie vor der Geburt vorzubereiten. Viele Studien haben bereits die Fähigkeit der AF – Zellen nachgewiesen , in einem weiten Bereich von Zelltypen 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 und umprogrammiert zu unterscheiden </ sup>, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27.

Seit der Entdeckung von Takahashi und Yamanaka 28 reprogrammierter somatischen Zellen durch die erzwungene Expression von vier Transkriptionsfaktoren (Oct4, Sox2, cMyc und Klf4) wurden Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Reprogrammierung gemacht. die verschiedenen Methoden unter Berücksichtigung, können wir zwischen viralen und nicht-viralen Methoden unterscheiden. Die erste erwartet, dass die Verwendung von viralen Vektoren (Retroviren und Lentiviren), die einen hohen Wirkungsgrad besitzen, aber in der Regel unvollständige silencing des retroviralen Transgen, sowohl mit der Folge einer teilweise umprogrammiert Zelllinie und das Risiko vonInsertionsmutagenese 29, 30, 31. Die nicht-virale Verfahren verwendet verschiedene Strategien: dh Plasmide, Vektoren, mRNA, Protein, Transposons. Die Ableitung von iPS-Zellen frei von transgenen Sequenzen zielt darauf ab, die potenziell schädlichen Auswirkungen von undichten Transgen-Expression und Insertionsmutagenese zu umgehen. Unter all den oben genannten nicht-viralen Strategien, die PiggyBac (PB) Transposon / Transposase System benötigt nur die invertierten terminalen Wiederholungen ein Transgen und eine transiente Expression der Transposase – Enzym flankieren 32 Insertion oder Exzision Ereignisse zu katalysieren. Der Vorteil in Transposons gegenüber anderen Verfahren für iPS Zellgeneration Verwendung ist die Möglichkeit des Erhalts vektorfreien iPS-Zellen mit einem nicht-viralen Vektor Ansatz, der die gleiche Effizienz von retroviralen Vektoren zeigt. Dies ist möglich durch die Spur-less Exzision des integrierten Transposons Codierung für die reprogramming Faktoren nach einer neuen transiente Expression der Transposase in den iPS – Zellen 33. Da PB in verschiedenen Zelltypen effizient 34, 35, 36, 37, ist besser geeignet für einen klinischen Ansatz bezüglich viraler Vektoren und erlaubt die Herstellung von xeno freien iPS – Zellen im Gegensatz zu derzeitigen Protokolle virale Produktion , die xenobiotischen verwenden Bedingungen wird dieses System verwendet iPS-Zellen aus Maus-AF zu erhalten.

Hier schlagen wir ein detailliertes Protokoll folgende bereits veröffentlichten Arbeiten die Herstellung von pluripotenten iPS – Klone zu zeigen , von der Maus AF – Zellen (iPS-AF – Zellen) 38.

Protocol

Alle Verfahren wurden in Übereinstimmung mit dem italienischen Gesetz. Murine AF-Proben wurden von schwangeren Mäusen bei 13,5 Tage nach coitum (DPC) von C57BL / 6-Tg (UBC-GFP) 30Scha / J-Mäuse genannt GFP geerntet. 1. Transposon Produktion HINWEIS: Transposon-Expressionsvektoren wurden unter Verwendung von Standard-Klonierungsverfahren erzeugt. Die Plasmid-DNA für Maus AF-Zellen Transfektion wurde mit kommerziellen Kits bereit. Mischungs 10 ng der…

Representative Results

Zur Auswertung wurden die Kapazität der Reprogrammierung, Maus AF-Zellen aus Föten von GFP-Mäusen gesammelt. Zellen wurden mit dem kreisförmigen Transposon-Plasmid PB-tetO2-IRES-OKMS, transfiziert, die die Yamanaka Faktoren (Oct4, Sox2, cMyc und Klf4) drückt auf die mCherry fluoreszierendes Protein gebunden in einer Doxycyclin-induzierbaren Weise und Tetracyclin-Transaktivator-reverse (PB- CAG-rtTA) Plasmide zusammen mit dem Transposaseexpression Plasmid (mPBase). Maus – AF – Zellen…

Discussion

Die gewählte Methode, die Induktion von Pluripotenz zu erhalten, ist relevant für die Zell klinische Sicherheit in Bezug auf langfristige Transplantation. Heutzutage gibt es mehrere Verfahren geeignet für die Umprogrammierung. Unter den nicht-integrative Verfahren wird die virale Sendai (SeV) Vektor ist ein RNA – Virus , das große Mengen an Protein 40 ohne die Integration in den Zellkern der infizierten Zellen produzieren kann und könnte eine Strategie sein , um iPS – Zellen erhalten. SeV-Ve…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by CARIPARO Foundation Grant number 13/04 and Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza Grant number 10/02. Martina Piccoli, Chiara Franzin and Michela Pozzobon are funded by Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza. Enrica Bertin is funded by CARIPARO Foundation Grant number 13/04. Paolo De Coppi is funded by Great Ormond Street Hospital Children’s Charity.

Materials

100 mm Bacterial-grade Petri Dishes  BD Falcon 351029 For in vitro differentiation
2-mercaptoethanol  Sigma M6250 For mouse AF, iPS-AF cells and differentiation medium
Alexa568-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgM  Thermo Fisher Scientific A21043 Secondary antibody (immunofluorescence)
Alexa594-conjugated chicken anti-goat IgG  Thermo Fisher Scientific A21468 Secondary antibody (immunofluorescence)
Alexa594-conjugated chicken anti-rabbit IgG  Thermo Fisher Scientific A21442 Secondary antibody (immunofluorescence)
Alexa594-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG  Thermo Fisher Scientific A11005 Secondary antibody (immunofluorescence)
Alkaline Phosphatase kit  Sigma 85L1 Alkaline Phosphatase  staining
Ampicillin Sigma A0166 For bacterial selection
Bovine Serum Albumin  Sigma A7906 BSA, for blocking solution. Diluted in PBS 1X
Chloroform Sigma C2432 For RNA extraction
DH5α cells Thermo Fisher Scientific 18265-017 Bacteria for cloning procedure
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) Thermo Fisher Scientific 41965039 For MEF, mouse AF, iPS-AF cells and differentiation medium
Doxycycline  Sigma D9891 For exogenous factors expression
Microcentrifuge tubes (1.5 mL)  Sarstedt  72.706 For PB production 
ES FBS  Thermo Fisher Scientific 10439024 For mouse AF, iPS-AF cells and differentiation medium
FBS  Thermo Fisher Scientific 10270106 For MEF medium
Fine point forceps F.S.T Dumont #5  AF isolation
Gelatin J.T.Baker 131 Used 0.1%, diluted in PBS 1X
Glycine Bio-Rad 161-0718 For blocking solution. Diluted in PBS 1X
Haematoxylin QS Vector Laboratories H3404 Nuclei detection
HE  Bio-Optica 04-061010 Histological analysis of teratoma
Hoechst  Thermo Fisher Scientific H3570 Nuclei detection
Horse Serum  Thermo Fisher Scientific 16050-122 For blocking solution
HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG SantaCruz sc2005 Secondary antibody (immunoperoxidase)
ImmPACT NovaRED  Vector Laboratories SK4805 Peroxidase substrate
Insulin syringe with needle (25G) Terumo SS+01H25161 Amniocentesis procedure
Klf4  SantaCruz sc-20691 Rabbit polyclonal IgG
L-glutamine  Thermo Fisher Scientific 25030 For mouse AF, iPS-AF cells and differentiation medium
LB broth (Lennox) Sigma L3022 For bacterial growth
LIF  Sigma L5158 For mouse AF and iPS-AF cells medium
Matrigel  BD 354234 For in vitro differentiation. Diluted 1:10 in DMEM
Methanol Sigma 32213 Peroxidase blocking
MULTIWELL 24 well plate BD Falcon 353047 For in vitro differentiation
MULTIWELL 6 well plate BD Falcon 353046 For MEF, mouse AF and iPS-AF cells culture
Nanog  ReproCELL RCAB0002P-F Rabbit polyclonal IgG
Non-essential amino acids  Sigma M7145 For mouse AF, iPS-AF cells and differentiation medium
Normal Goat Serum Vector Laboratories S2000 For blocking solution. Diluted in PBS 1X
NP-40 Sigma 12087-87-0 For cell permeabilization. Diluted in PBS 1X
Oct4 SantaCruz sc-5279 Mouse monoclonal IgG2b
Oligo (dT)  Thermo Fisher Scientific 18418012 For RT-PCR
Paraformaldehyde (solution) Sigma 441244 PFA, fixative, diluted in PBS
PBS 10X Thermo Fisher Scientific 14200-067 D-PBS, free of Ca2+/Mg2+. Diluted with sterile water to obtain PBS 1X
Penicillin – Streptomycin  Thermo Fisher Scientific 15070063 For MEF, mouse AF, iPS-AF cells and differentiation medium
Petri Dish (150mm) BD Falcon 353025 For MEF culture, tissue culture
PiggyBac transposase expression plasmid  Provided by professor Andras Nagy laboratory mPBase
PiggyBac-tetO2-IRES-OKMS transposon plasmid Provided by professor Andras Nagy laboratory PB-tetO2-IRES-OKMS
QIAprep Spin Maxiprep Kit Qiagen 12663 For plasmids purification
QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit Qiagen 27106 For plasmids purification
Reverse tetracycline transactivator transposon plasmid  Provided by professor Andras Nagy laboratory rtTA
RNeasy Mini Kit  Qiagen 74134 For RNA extraction
Sox2  SantaCruz sc-17320 Goat polyclonal IgG
SSEA1  Abcam ab16285 Mouse monoclonal IgM
SuperScript II Reverse Transcriptase  Thermo Fisher Scientific 18064-014 For RT-PCR
Abcam ab20680 Rabbit polyclonal IgG
Taq DNA Polymerase Thermo Fisher Scientific 10342020 PCR
Trypsin  Thermo Fisher Scientific 25300-054 Cell culture passaging
Triton X-100 Bio-Rad 161-047 For cell permeabilization, diluted in PBS 1X
TRIzol Reagent Thermo Fisher Scientific 15596-026 For RNA extraction
Tubb3   Promega  G712A Mouse monoclonal IgG1
TWEEN-20 Sigma P1379 For cell permeabilization, diluted in PBS 1X
αfp    R&D Systems MAB1368 Mouse Monoclonal IgG1
αSMA  Abcam ab7817 Mouse Monoclonal IgG2a
Transfection Reagent (FuGENE HD) Promega  E2311 For AF cells transfection
Stereomicroscope Nikon SM2645 To perform amniocentesis 
200 ul tips Sarstedt  70.760012 To pick bacteria colonies
Scissor F.S.T 14094-11 stainless 25U To perform amniocentesis 
Ethanol Sigma 2860 To clean the abdominal wall of the pregnant dam
Tissue culture petri dish (150 mm)  BD Falcon 353025 For MEF expansion
Mitomycin C Sigma M4287-2MG For MEF inactivation
MULTIWELL 96 well plate BD Falcon 353071 For iPS-AF culture

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Cite This Article
Bertin, E., Piccoli, M., Franzin, C., Nagy, A., Mileikovsky, M., De Coppi, P., Pozzobon, M. The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System. J. Vis. Exp. (120), e54598, doi:10.3791/54598 (2017).

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