Depresif gibi Davranış Modeli olarak Zorla Swim Testi
Summary
This protocol describes the forced swim test, which is used for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. This procedure involves placing an animal in a container filled with water that eventually will lead to the exhibition of immobility behavior, which is considered to reflect behavioral despair.
Abstract
The goal of the present protocol is to describe the forced swim test (FST), which is one of the most commonly used assays for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. The FST is based on the assumption that when placing an animal in a container filled with water, it will first make efforts to escape but eventually will exhibit immobility that may be considered to reflect a measure of behavioral despair. This test has been extensively used because it involves the exposure of the animals to stress, which was shown to have a role in the tendency for major depression. Additionally, the FST has been shown to share some of the factors that are influenced or altered by depression in humans, including changes in food consumption, sleep abnormalities and drug-withdrawal-induced anhedonia. The main advantages of this procedure are that it is relatively easy to perform and that its results are easily and quickly analyzed. Moreover, its sensitivity to a broad range of antidepressant drugs that makes it a suitable screening test is one of the most important features leading to its high predictive validity. Despite its appeal, this model has a number of disadvantages. First, the issue of chronic augmentation is problematic in this test because in real life patients need to be treated for at least several weeks before they experience any relief from their symptoms. Last, due to the aversiveness of the FST, it is important to take into account possible influences it might have on brain structure/function if brain analyses are to be carried out following this procedure.
Introduction
Depresyon hayatı tehdit eden psikiyatrik bozukluk ve% 5 insidansı ve% 15-20 bir yaşam boyu yaygınlık dünya çapında önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Ayrıca, 2020 yılına depresyon hastalığı 1,2 yükünü ilk üç katkıda olacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Depresyon sakatlık ile ilişkilidir, sağlıkla ilgili maliyetleri arttı, yaşam kalitesini azalmış ve 3,4 .Current farmako-terapötik tedaviler sınırlı bir etkiye sahip ve ilişkili kardiyovasküler, metabolik ve nöropsikiyatrik bozukluklar dahil olmak üzere birçok hastalık için bir temel risk faktörü olarak kabul edilir çok zararlı yan etkisi 5,6. Bu nedenle, yenilikçi ve gelişmiş tedavilerin gelişmesi ile birlikte bu bozukluğun patofizyolojisi daha iyi anlaşılması önemlidir kalır. Bu nedenle, hayvan modelleri, bu alanda araştırma ilerleyen için gereklidir.
Bu bozukluğun çalışmada (kullanılan birçok model vardır <em> örneğin sukroz tercih testi de bu modelin 7,8 geliştirici sonra Porsolt testi olarak bilinen zorunlu yüzme testi (FST ile, kuyruk süspansiyon test)) en sık kullanılan deneyleri 7,9-12 biri olma.
FST sırasında bir hayvan kaçamıyorum hangi su ile dolu bir kap konur. Hayvan ilk kaçmaya çalışacağız ama sonunda (yani suyun üstünde burun tutmak için gerekli olanlar dışında herhangi bir hareketin yokluğu ile yüzer) hareketsizlik sergileyecek. FST nedenlerle bir dizi hayvan araştırmaları çok popüler bir modeldir. İlk olarak, majör depresyon, 12-14 eğilimi de bir rol oynadığı gösterilmiştir stres, hayvanların maruz kalmasını içerir. Ayrıca depresyon sıklıkla stres 15-17 ile idare yeteneği eksikliği olarak görülüyor. İkinci olarak, test öncesinde antidepresanlarla farmakolojik tedavi FST <hareketsizlik azaltmak için gösterilmiştirsup> 18-23. Bu nedenle, çoğu zaman, potansiyel bir antidepresan özelliklere 15-17,24 sahip yeni bileşimler için bir tarama tahlilinde olarak kullanılır. Ayrıca, FST gıda tüketiminde değişiklikler, uyku anormallikleri gibi, etkilenmiş ya da insanlarda depresyon değişmiş bazı faktörlerin paylaşmak için gösterilmiştir zevk almama 15-17,24 ilaç yoksunluk kaynaklı. Bu 25,26 ('vahşi-tip' farelere kıyasla) de bu test bazen bazal hareketsizlik artış veya azalış ile mutant farelerde depresyon gibi davranış, değerlendirmek için kullanılan sebebi budur.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
FST depresif-benzeri davranışlarını izlemek için kullanılır ve hareketsizlik davranışsal ümitsizlik 3 bir önlem yansıttığı varsayımına dayanmaktadır. Bu prosedürün ana avantajları nispeten kolay kullanım ve hızlı sonuçlar yalan. Ayrıca, uygun bir tarama testi yapan antidepresan ilaçların geniş bir yelpazede duyarlılık yüksek öngörü geçerliliği 29 yol açan en önemli özelliklerinden biridir. Önemli bir şekilde, bu test, aynı zamanda, anti-anksiyete etkisini …
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 738/11), by the National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel (NIPI-7-2011-12), and by the Open University Foundation
Materials
| Name of Material/ Equipment | Company | Catalog Number | Comments/Description | |
| Computer | Dell | intel(r) core(tm) i3-2120 cpu @ 3.30ghz, 4GB ram | ||
| Camera | VIDO | AU-CB422 | B/W CCD CAMERA http://www.vido-europe.com/products_detail.asp?id=33&pcategory=2 |
|
| Coding software | Biobserve | FST Analysis http://www.biobserve.com/products/fst/index.html |
||
| Heating lamp | Ikea | AA-19025-3 | ESPRESSIVIO 400.504.46 - 20W G4 Bulb http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/customer_service/assembly/E/E00050467.pdf |
|
| Heating pillow | Sachs | EF-188B | 38*38cm Heating pillow http://www.sachs.co.il/eng/lego_tree.php?instance_id=21&actions=show&id= 604 |
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