JoVE Journal > Behavior
Summary
Abstract
Introduction
Protocol
Results
Discussion
Disclosures
Acknowledgements
Materials
References
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Behavior

うつ病のような動作のモデルとしての強制水泳試験

Published: March 02, 2015
doi:
10.3791/52587
, , ,
1School of Psychological Sciences,Tel-Aviv University, 2School of Behavioral Sciences,Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, 3Department of Education and Psychology,The Open University of Israel, 4School of Health and Life Sciences,Hadassah Academic College

Summary

This protocol describes the forced swim test, which is used for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. This procedure involves placing an animal in a container filled with water that eventually will lead to the exhibition of immobility behavior, which is considered to reflect behavioral despair.

Abstract

The goal of the present protocol is to describe the forced swim test (FST), which is one of the most commonly used assays for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. The FST is based on the assumption that when placing an animal in a container filled with water, it will first make efforts to escape but eventually will exhibit immobility that may be considered to reflect a measure of behavioral despair. This test has been extensively used because it involves the exposure of the animals to stress, which was shown to have a role in the tendency for major depression. Additionally, the FST has been shown to share some of the factors that are influenced or altered by depression in humans, including changes in food consumption, sleep abnormalities and drug-withdrawal-induced anhedonia. The main advantages of this procedure are that it is relatively easy to perform and that its results are easily and quickly analyzed. Moreover, its sensitivity to a broad range of antidepressant drugs that makes it a suitable screening test is one of the most important features leading to its high predictive validity. Despite its appeal, this model has a number of disadvantages. First, the issue of chronic augmentation is problematic in this test because in real life patients need to be treated for at least several weeks before they experience any relief from their symptoms. Last, due to the aversiveness of the FST, it is important to take into account possible influences it might have on brain structure/function if brain analyses are to be carried out following this procedure.

Introduction

うつ病は、生命を脅かす精神疾患と5％の発生率15〜20％で生涯有病率を持つ世界的な公衆衛生上の大きな関心事である。また、それは2020年までにうつ病は病気1,2の負担にトップ3の貢献者になると推定されている。うつ病は障害と関連付けられて、健康関連コストの増加、生活の質の低下および3,4- .Currentの薬理学的治療処置は、有効性が限られていると関連付けられている心臓血管、代謝性および神経精神障害を含む多くの疾患のための主要な危険因子と考えられている多くの有害な副作用5,6。そのため、革新的で改善された治療法の開発と並んで、この障害の病態生理のより良い理解は重要なままです。したがって、動物モデルは、この分野の研究を進めるために必須である。

この疾患の研究（のために使用される多くのモデルがあります<EM>例えば、スクロース選好テストも、このモデル7,8の開発者の後ポルソルトの試験として知ら強制水泳試験（FST、と、尾懸垂試験））が最も一般的に使用されるアッセイ7,9-12の一つである。

FST中の動物は、それが逃げることができ、そこから水を満たした容器内に配置される。動物は、最初に脱 ​​出しようとしますが、最終的に（ すなわち水上記の鼻を維持するために必要なものを除き、運動をしない場合とフローティング）不動を示すであろう。 FSTは、多くの理由のための動物研究で非常に人気のモデルです。まず、大うつ病12-14傾向に役割を有することが示された応力に対する動物の曝露を伴う。また、うつ病は、多くの場合、ストレス15-17で処理する能力の欠如と見られている。第二に、試験前に抗うつ薬理学的治療は、<FSTにおいて不動を減少することが示されているSUP> 18-23。したがって、多くの場合、潜在的な抗うつ特性15-17,24を有する新規化合物のスクリーニングアッセイとして使用されている。さらに、FSTは、食物消費の変化、睡眠異常および薬物離脱誘発性無快感症15-17,24、ヒトにおけるうつ病の影響を受ける、または変更される因子のいくつかを共有することが示されている。これはまた、このテストは時々 25,26（「野生型」マウスと比較して）基底不動の増加または減少を、変異マウスにおける抑うつ様行動を評価するために使用される理由である。

Protocol

注：すべての実験プロトコルは、イスラエルの動物管理使用のための国際委員会によって承認された。すべての努力は、使用される動物の数およびそれらの苦痛を最小限にするために行われた。 強制水泳試験のために1.準備隣接する二つの部屋を使用してください。行動試験の前に動物を保持するための「待合室」、および手順を実行するための他のとして1部屋?…

Representative Results

以下の結果は私たちの研究室からの未発表データに基づいています。この実験では、成体ICR雌マウスは、選択的セロトニン再取り込み阻害剤（SSRI）、エスシタロプラムまたは新規ハーブ抗うつ及び抗不安治療（NHT）による治療の3週間後に試験した（ハーブ治療に関する追加情報については、12を参照してください、27,28）。一方向ANOVAは治療がFST [F（2,58）= 4.88、P <0.05]で抑?…

Discussion

FSTは、うつ病のような行動を監視するために使用され、不動の行動絶望3の測定値を反映するという仮定に基づいている。この手順の主な利点は、比較的簡単な操作と高速な結果にある。また、適切なスクリーニング試験は、その高い予測妥当29に至る最も重要な特徴の1つであるせる抗うつ薬の広い範囲に対する感受性。重要なことに、この試験はまた、抗不安効果3,30を<…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 738/11), by the National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel (NIPI-7-2011-12), and by the Open University Foundation

Materials

Name of Material/ Equipment Company Catalog Number Comments/Description
Computer Dell intel(r) core(tm) i3-2120 cpu @ 3.30ghz, 4GB ram
Camera VIDO AU-CB422 B/W CCD CAMERA 
http://www.vido-europe.com/products_detail.asp?id=33&pcategory=2
Coding software Biobserve FST Analysis
http://www.biobserve.com/products/fst/index.html
Heating lamp Ikea AA-19025-3 ESPRESSIVIO 400.504.46 - 20W G4 Bulb 
http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/customer_service/assembly/E/E00050467.pdf
Heating pillow Sachs EF-188B 38*38cm Heating pillow
http://www.sachs.co.il/eng/lego_tree.php?instance_id=21&actions=show&id=
604
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Tags

Forced Swim TestDepressive-like BehaviorRodent ModelBehavioral DespairStressAntidepressant DrugsPredictive ValidityChronic AugmentationBrain Structure/function

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Yankelevitch-Yahav, R., Franko, M., Huly, A., Doron, R. The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior. J. Vis. Exp. (97), e52587, doi:10.3791/52587 (2015).
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