Summary

Den Tvingad Simma Test som en modell för Depressiva liknande beteende

Published: March 02, 2015
doi:

Summary

This protocol describes the forced swim test, which is used for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. This procedure involves placing an animal in a container filled with water that eventually will lead to the exhibition of immobility behavior, which is considered to reflect behavioral despair.

Abstract

The goal of the present protocol is to describe the forced swim test (FST), which is one of the most commonly used assays for the study of depressive-like behavior in rodents. The FST is based on the assumption that when placing an animal in a container filled with water, it will first make efforts to escape but eventually will exhibit immobility that may be considered to reflect a measure of behavioral despair. This test has been extensively used because it involves the exposure of the animals to stress, which was shown to have a role in the tendency for major depression. Additionally, the FST has been shown to share some of the factors that are influenced or altered by depression in humans, including changes in food consumption, sleep abnormalities and drug-withdrawal-induced anhedonia. The main advantages of this procedure are that it is relatively easy to perform and that its results are easily and quickly analyzed. Moreover, its sensitivity to a broad range of antidepressant drugs that makes it a suitable screening test is one of the most important features leading to its high predictive validity. Despite its appeal, this model has a number of disadvantages. First, the issue of chronic augmentation is problematic in this test because in real life patients need to be treated for at least several weeks before they experience any relief from their symptoms. Last, due to the aversiveness of the FST, it is important to take into account possible influences it might have on brain structure/function if brain analyses are to be carried out following this procedure.

Introduction

Depression är en livshotande psykiatrisk sjukdom och ett stort folkhälsoproblem i hela världen med en incidens på 5% och en livstidsprevalens på 15-20%. Dessutom räknar man med att 2020 depression kommer att vara i topp tre bidragsgivarna till sjukdomsbördan 1,2. Depression är associerat med funktionshinder, minskad livskvalitet, ökad hälsorelaterade kostnader och anses vara en huvud riskfaktor för många sjukdomar, inklusive kardiovaskulära, metabola och neuropsykiatriska störningar 3,4 .Current Farmakoterapeutisk behandlingar har begränsad effekt och är associerade med många skadliga biverkningar 5,6. Därför förblir avgörande en bättre förståelse av patofysiologin av denna störning vid sidan med utvecklingen av innovativa och förbättrade behandlingar. Följaktligen, djurmodeller är väsentliga för att föra forskningen inom detta område.

Det finns många modeller som används för att studera denna sjukdom (<em> t.ex. sackaros preferenstestet, svans suspensionsprov) med tvångs simtest (FST, även känd som Porsolt s test efter utvecklaren av denna modell 7,8) är en av de vanligaste analyserna 7,9-12.

Under FST ett djur placeras i en behållare fylld med vatten, från vilken det inte kan undkomma. Djuret kommer först försöka fly men så småningom kommer att uppvisa orörlighet (dvs flytande med avsaknad av rörelse än de som behövs för att hålla näsan ovanför vattenytan). FST är en mycket populär modell i djurförsök för ett antal skäl. Först handlar det exponeringen av djuren för stress, vilket visade sig ha en roll i tendensen för egentlig depression 12-14. Dessutom depression ses ofta som en bristande förmåga att hantera stress 15-17. För det andra, har farmakologisk behandling med antidepressiva läkemedel före testet visat sig minska orörlighet i FST <sup> 18-23. Därför är det ofta används som en screeninganalys för nya föreningar med potentiella antidepressiva egenskaper 15-17,24. Dessutom har FST visats att dela några av de faktorer som påverkas eller förändras av depression hos människor, såsom förändringar i livsmedelskonsumtionen, sömnproblem och drog indragning-inducerad anhedoni 15-17,24. Detta är också anledningen till att detta test används ibland för att utvärdera depressiva liknande beteende hos muterade möss, med ökning eller minskning av basal orörlighet (jämfört med "vildtyp" möss) 25,26.

Protocol

OBS: Samtliga försöksprotokoll godkändes av Internationella kommittén för Djurvård och användning i Israel. Alla ansträngningar gjordes för att minimera antalet djur som används och deras lidande. 1. Förberedelser för Forced Swim Test Använd två intilliggande rum. Använd ett rum som en "väntrum" för att hålla djuren före beteendetestning, och den andra för att genomföra förfarandet. Förbered transparenta cylindriska glasbehållare (den en…

Representative Results

Följande resultat är baserade på opublicerade data från vårt labb. I detta experiment var vuxna ICR honmöss testades efter tre veckors behandling med selektiva serotoninåterupptagshämmare (SSRI) escitalopram eller ny växtbaserade anti-depressiva och ångestdämpande behandling (NHT) (för ytterligare information om växtbaserade behandling, se 12 , 27,28). Envägs ANOVA avslöjade att behandling minskade depressiva liknande uppträdande såsom FST [F (2,58) = 4,88, p <0,05]. Ensidig Dunnet analys …

Discussion

Den FST används för att övervaka depressiva liknande beteende och är baserad på antagandet att orörlighet reflekterar ett mått på beteende förtvivlan 3. De främsta fördelarna med detta förfarande ligger i dess relativt enkel hantering och snabba resultat. Dessutom är dess känslighet för ett brett spektrum av antidepressiva läkemedel som gör den till en lämplig screeningtest en av de viktigaste funktionerna som leder till dess höga prediktiv validitet 29. Viktigt kan detta test oc…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 738/11), by the National Institute for Psychobiology in Israel (NIPI-7-2011-12), and by the Open University Foundation

Materials

Name of Material/ Equipment Company Catalog Number Comments/Description
Computer Dell intel(r) core(tm) i3-2120 cpu @ 3.30ghz, 4GB ram
Camera VIDO AU-CB422 B/W CCD CAMERA 
http://www.vido-europe.com/products_detail.asp?id=33&pcategory=2
Coding software Biobserve FST Analysis
http://www.biobserve.com/products/fst/index.html
Heating lamp Ikea AA-19025-3 ESPRESSIVIO 400.504.46 - 20W G4 Bulb 
http://www.ikea.com/ms/en_US/customer_service/assembly/E/E00050467.pdf
Heating pillow Sachs EF-188B 38*38cm Heating pillow
http://www.sachs.co.il/eng/lego_tree.php?instance_id=21&actions=show&id=
604

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Cite This Article
Yankelevitch-Yahav, R., Franko, M., Huly, A., Doron, R. The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior. J. Vis. Exp. (97), e52587, doi:10.3791/52587 (2015).

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