Koruyucu etkinliği ve Pulmoner Bağışıklık Tepkisi Fare Subkutan ve Burun BCG İdaresi ardından
Summary
We herein detail the methodology followed to compare protective efficacy and lung immune response induced by intranasal and subcutaneous immunization with BCG in mouse model. Our results show the benefits of pulmonary vaccination and suggest a role for IL17-mediated response in vaccine-induced protection.
Abstract
Despite global coverage of intradermal BCG vaccination, tuberculosis remains one of the most prevalent infectious diseases in the world. Preclinical data have encouraged pulmonary tuberculosis vaccines as a promising strategy to prevent pulmonary disease, which is responsible for transmission. In this work, we describe the methodology used to demonstrate in the mouse model the benefits of intranasal BCG vaccination when compared to subcutaneous. Our data revealed greater protective efficacy following intranasal BCG administration. In addition, our results indicate that pulmonary vaccination triggers a higher immune response in lungs, including Th1 and Th17 responses, as well as an increase of immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration in respiratory airways. Our data show correlation between protective efficacy and the presence of IL17-producing cells in lungs post-Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge, suggesting a role for this cytokine in the protective response conferred by pulmonary vaccination. Finally, we detail the global workflow we have developed to study respiratory vaccination in the mouse model, which could be extrapolated to other tuberculosis vaccines, apart from BCG, targeting the mucosal response or other pulmonary routes of administration such as the intratracheal or aerosol.
Introduction
Tüberküloz (TB) TB endişe verici küresel bir sağlık sorunudur 1 yapan dünyada HIV fazla ilişkili ölümüne yol önde gelen bulaşıcı hastalıklardan biri olan ve çoklu ilaç dirençli suşlar yükselen artış ile birlikte olduğunu. Yeni tanı araçları, daha etkili ve daha az toksik ilaçlar ve yeni, güvenli ve etkili bir TB aşıları özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde, acil ihtiyaç vardır.
zayıflatılmış Basil Calmette-Guerin (BCG) şu anda dünya çapında 1970'lerden beri doğumda intradermal tatbik edilmiştir TB, karşı tek lisanslı aşı edilir. BCG çocuklarda hastalık (menenjit ve miliyer TB) şiddetli formları önlemede etkili kabul edilir, ancak hastalık bulaşma 2 sorumlu akciğer TB karşı tutarsız etkinlik göstermiştir.
TB enfeksiyonunun doğal yolunu taklit Pulmoner aşılama, yerel ana bağışıklık yanıtını emişli için cazip bir yaklaşımı temsil etmektedirs. Deri altı veya deri içi yoldan 3-6 ile karşılaştırıldığında, bu bağlamda, farklı alakalı TBC hayvan modellerinde çeşitli klinik öncesi işleri pulmoner immünizasyondan sonra daha fazla aşı etkinliğini göstermiştir. Bununla birlikte, pulmoner aşılama aracılığı ile ortaya koruyucu mekanizmalar tam olarak anlaşılmış değildir. Son yıllarda, birçok eserler IL17 mukozal aşı kaynaklı koruyucu etkinliği için yoksun fare modellerinde olduğu gibi, TB-spesifik mukozal bağışıklık yanıtının önemli bir faktör olarak IL17 aracılı tepki doğru çekmişlerdir 7,8 bozulur.
Yakın zamanda BCG DBA / 2 fareleri, deri altından BCG aşısı sonra 9 koruma eksikliği ile karakterize edilen, bir fare türü korumalı intranazal ilk kez ortaya koymuştur. Bu sonuçlar solunum TB aşı intradermal BCG pulmon karşı etkisiz olarak kabul edilir endemik ülkelerde TB oranının azaltılmasında daha etkili olabileceğini öne sürdüli TB.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Although current vaccine against tuberculosis, BCG, is the most widely administered vaccine in history, tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of death and morbidity from infectious diseases worldwide. This paradox is explained by the lack of protection of this vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis, the responsible form of transmission. New vaccination approaches effective against pulmonary forms of the disease are urgently needed, as they would have the greatest impact on disease transmission globally.
<p c…Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by “Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness” [grant number BIO2014-5258P], “European Commission” by the H2020 programs [grant numbers TBVAC2020 643381].
Materials
| Middlebrook 7H9 broth | BD | 271310 | |
| Middlebrook ADC Enrichment | BD | 211887 | |
| Tween 80 | Scharlau | TW00800250 | |
| 3-mm diameter Glass Beads | Scharlau | 038-138003 | |
| Middlebrook 7H10 Agar | BD | 262710 | |
| 1-ml syringe 26GA 0.45×10 mm | BD | 301358 | |
| GentleMACS dissociator | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-093-235 | |
| C tubes | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-093-237 | |
| M tubes | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-093-236 | |
| Collagenase D | Roche | 11088882001 | |
| DNaseI | Applichem | A3778,0100 | |
| Falcon 70µm Cell Strainer | Corning | 352350 | |
| RPMI 1640 | Sigma | R0883 | |
| Red Blood Cell Lysing Buffer | Sigma | R7757 | |
| GlutaMAX Supplement | Gibco | 35050-061 | 100X concentrated |
| Penicillin-Streptomycin Solution | Sigma | P4333 | 100X concentrated |
| Fetal Calf Serum | Biological Industries | 04-001-1A | |
| 2-Mercaptoethanol | Sigma | M3148-25ML | |
| Scepter 2.0 Handheld Automated Cell Counter | Millipore | PHCC20040 | |
| Scepter Cell Counter Sensors, 40 µm | Millipore | PHCC40050 | |
| Mycobacterium Tuberculosis – Tuberculin PPD | Statens Serum Institut (SSI) | 2390 | |
| Mouse IFN-γ ELISA development kit | Mabtech | 3321-1H | |
| Mouse IL17A ELISA development kit | Mabtech | 3521-1H | |
| Brefeldin A | Sigma | B7651 | |
| FITC Rat Anti-Mouse CD4 | BD | 553047 | |
| BD Cytofix/Cytoperm Kit | BD | 555028 | |
| APC-Cy7 Rat Anti-mouse IL-17A | BD | 560821 | |
| APC Mouse Anti-mouse IFNg | BD | 554413 | |
| LACHRYMAL OLIVE LUER LOCK 0.60 x 30 mm. 23G x 1 1/4” | UNIMED | 27.134 | Used as trachea cannula for BAL |
| high-protein binding polystyrene flat-bottom 96-well plates MAXISORP | NUNC | 430341 | |
| Albumin, from bovine serum | Sigma | A4503 | |
| Goat Anti-Mouse IgA (α-chain specific)−Peroxidase antibody | Sigma | A4789 | |
| 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) | Sigma | T0440 | |
| MyTaq DNA Polymerase | Bioline | BIO-21107 | The kit Includes Buffer 5x |
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