We provide a method to simultaneously screen a library of antibody fragments for binding affinity and cytoplasmic solubility by using the Escherichia coli twin-arginine translocation pathway, which has an inherent quality control mechanism for intracellular protein folding, to display the antibody fragments on the inner membrane.
Moghaddam-Taaheri, P., Ikonomova, S. P., Gong, Z., Wisniewski, J. Q., Karlsson, A. J. Bacterial Inner-membrane Display for Screening a Library of Antibody Fragments. J. Vis. Exp. (116), e54583, doi:10.3791/54583 (2016).