The rectification of ion transport pathways is an effective method to generate one-directional ion-dragged electrohydrodynamic flows. By setting an ion-exchange membrane in a flow channel, an electrically polarized condition is generated and causes a liquid flow to be driven when an electric field is externally applied.
Doi, K., Nito, F., Yano, A., Nagura, R., Kawano, S. Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions. J. Vis. Exp. (139), e57820, doi:10.3791/57820 (2018).