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姜黄素介导的抗菌光动力疗法在口腔念珠菌病小鼠模型上的应用

Published: October 27, 2023
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该方案描述了抗菌光动力疗法(aPDT)在口腔念珠菌病小鼠模型中的应用。使用姜黄素和蓝色LED灯的水溶性混合物进行aPDT。

Abstract

抗菌光动力疗法 (aPDT) 已 在体外进行了广泛的研究,感染的临床前动物模型适用于在临床试验之前评估替代疗法。本研究描述了 aPDT 在口腔念珠菌病小鼠模型中的疗效。40只小鼠通过皮下注射泼尼松龙进行免疫抑制,并使用先前浸泡在 白色念珠菌 细胞悬浮液中的口腔拭子接种它们的舌头。在实验过程中 ,四 环素通过饮用水给药。真菌接种5天后,将小鼠随机分为8组;第九组未经治疗的未感染小鼠作为阴性对照(n = 5)。用蓝色LED灯(89.2 mW /cm 2;~455 nm)和无光(分别为C + + 和 C + L- 组)测试姜黄素混合物的三种浓度(20 μM、40 μM 和 80 μM)。仅光照 (C-L+)、不治疗 (C-L-) 和无感染动物被评估为对照。使用 Welch 方差分析和 Games-Howell 检验 (α = 0.05) 分析数据。口腔念珠菌病在所有受感染的动物中都已确定,并通过舌背上的特征性白斑或假膜在宏观上可视化。组织病理学切片证实,在C-L-组中,酵母和细丝的存在仅限于上皮的角化层,并且在从使用40μM或80μM姜黄素进行aPDT的小鼠获得的图像中,真菌细胞的存在在视觉上减少。与C-L-组相比,由80μM姜黄素介导的aPDT促进了2.47 log10 的菌落计数减少(p = 0.008)。所有其他组的菌落数量均无统计学意义减少,包括光敏剂(C+L-)或光敏(C-L+)组。姜黄素介导的aPDT减少了小鼠舌头的真菌负荷。

Introduction

口腔念珠菌病(OC)是口腔的主要真菌感染;它是由 念珠菌 属的过度生长引起的。OC 的诱发因素包括内分泌功能障碍、使用广谱抗生素、放疗和化疗、营养缺乏、口干症(唾液流量低)、使用假牙、卫生条件差,尤其是免疫抑制1。在 念珠菌 物种中, 白色念珠菌 是最普遍和最致命的一种;它被发现为人体内的共生物种和机会性病原体。 白色念珠菌 有能力将其形态从共生酵母(胚孔)转变为致病丝(菌丝和假菌丝)2。丝状形式,尤其是菌丝,可以通过内吞作用或主动渗透侵入宿主上皮,引起感染3. 白色念珠 菌的其他毒力因子包括粘附、生物膜形成以及脂解和水解酶和毒素的分泌,例如脂肪酶、磷脂酶、蛋白酶和念珠菌溶血素4

OC治疗包括使用抗真菌药物,特别是局部多烯和唑类(制霉菌素和咪康唑)5。然而,它们仅显示出短期疗效,并且复发频繁。此外,抗真菌药物的过度使用引发了抗真菌药物耐药性发展和传播的问题6。因此,需要替代疗法,例如抗菌光动力疗法 (aPDT),它在氧气存在下将光敏剂 (PS) 和适当波长(与 PS 吸收相同)的光结合在一起。PS与细胞结合或被细胞吸收,当被光激活时,会产生对致敏细胞有毒的活性氧(ROS)7

在aPDT中,使用的光敏剂(PS)之一是姜黄素(CUR),这是一种从姜黄植物(Curcuma longa L.)的根茎中提取的天然化合物。姜黄素具有多种治疗特性,包括抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌和抗菌能力 8,9。先前的一项研究发现,利用 CUR 的 aPDT 有效地减少了口腔念珠菌病小鼠模型中的白色念珠菌,而不会对宿主的组织造成任何伤害10。CUR是从姜黄中提取的主要姜黄素,但其他多酚,如脱甲氧基姜黄素和双脱甲氧基姜黄素,也存在于这种植物中。姜黄素介导的 aPDT 对导管中生长的金黄色葡萄球菌的生物膜具有抗菌活性11。然而,据我们所知,其对白色念珠菌的抗真菌活性仍不清楚。因此,在这项研究中,我们评估了在 OC 小鼠模型中由姜黄素盐介导的针对白色念珠菌的 aPDT。

Protocol

使用小鼠的研究方案已获得UNESP阿拉拉夸拉牙科学院的动物使用伦理委员会(案例编号05/2008和09/2020)的批准。 白色念珠菌 (ATCC 90028)作为参比菌株。本研究使用体重范围为 20-30 g 的六周龄雌性瑞士小鼠 (n = 45)。这些动物由圣保罗州立大学、UNESP、Botucatu提供。 1. PS的制备和aPDT光源的选择 根据要测试的物质的规格准备PS。注:在这项研究中,?…

Representative Results

OC的小鼠模型显示所有感染小鼠的舌头上有典型的白斑和假膜(图4A)。从C-L-动物中回收 的白色念珠菌 证实了该微生物的组织定植(值范围为1.62 x 104 至4.80 x 105 CFU/mL)。正如预期的那样,来自NCtr组的动物在取样后没有表现出任何组织改变或菌落生长(图4B)。 当在80μM下使用姜黄素进行光敏化时,aPDT降低?…

Discussion

白色念珠菌与免疫功能低下、糖尿病、长期使用抗生素和口腔卫生不良的个体的口腔和食管感染有关 1,3。人类传染病的研究需要进行体外体内研究,然后才能安全准确地设计临床试验。本研究描述了一种建立OC小鼠模型的方法,可用于评估白色念珠菌口腔感染的发病机制和抗真菌方法的疗效15,16,17,18,19。<su…

Acknowledgements

作者感谢FAPESP(圣保罗研究基金会,过程编号FAPESP #2013/07276-1(CePID CePOF)和2008/00601-6的财政支持。我们还要感谢 Ana Paula Silva 博士提供有关 CUR 基水溶性盐的信息。

Materials

C. albicans ATCC (Rockville, Md, USA) 90028 Used to prepare the Candida inoculum
Centrifuge  Eppendorf Centrifuge 5804/5804R,B. Braun, Melsungen, Hesse, Germany 022628146 (NA) Used to prepare the Candida inoculum
Chlorpromazine chloride 2 mg/mL Compounding pharmacy, Araraquara, SP, Brazil  -   Used to sedate animals during candida inoculation
Curcumin-based water-soluble salt PDTPharma, Cravinhos, Brazil  -  Consisting of 53.4% of natural curcumin, and  46.6% of other curcuminoids (demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin). Prepared in water and N-MethylD-Glucamine (final average molecular weight of 730.32 g.mol−1)
Digital colony counter CP 600 Plus, Phoenix Ind Com Equipamentos Científicos Ltda, Araraquara, SP, Brazil  -  Used to count colonies on agar plates
Extruded mouse chow Benelab food, Industry Qualy Animal Nutrition and Commerce Ltda., Lindóia, São Paulo State, Brazil.  - Used for the feeding of the mice
Ketamine Hydrochloride 10% Ketamina Agener, União Química Farmacêutica Nacional S/A, Embu-Guaçu, SP, Brazil  -  Used to anesthetize animals before  treatments and for euthanasia
Light-emitting diode handpiece (prototype) Instituto de Física de São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil  -  Fabricated with LXHL-PR09, Luxeon III Emitter, Lumileds Lighting, San Jose, California, USA
Methylprednisolone acetate 40 mg DEPO-MEDROL, Pfizer, New York  -  Used as an immunosuppressant
Microtome Leica Microsystems, Bannockburn, IL, USA SM2500 Used to cut the serial sections of the tongues
Propylene boxes (cages housing) H13 x L20 x D30 cm Bonther Equipaments, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil  -  Used to keep the animals throughout  the experimental period
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol HiMedia, Mumbai, India MM1067-500G Culture medium for yeast growth (agar)
Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer Kasvi K37-VIS , São José dos Pinhais, PR, Brazil K37-VIS  Used to standardize the inoculum concentration
Tetracycline hydrochloride  Compounding pharmacy, Araraquara, SP, Brazil  -  Antibiotic given to induce oral dysbiosis
Wood shavings J.R. Wood Shavings, Comerce of Sawdust Ltda., Conchal, São Paulo State, Brazil  - Used for floor covering inside the housing boxes
Xylazine 2% Calmiun, União Química Farmacêutica Nacional S/A, Embu-Guaçu, SP, Brazil  -  Used in combination with ketamine for anesthesia
Yeast Nitrogen Broth  Difco, InterLab, Detroit, MI, USA DF0919-07-3  Culture medium for yeast growth (broth)
Yeast Peptone Dextrose Broth NutriSelect Basic, Sigma Aldrich Y1375 Culture medium for maintaining the strains at -80°C and grow

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Mima, E. G. d. O., Pavarina, A. C., Jordão, C. C., Vieira, S. M., Dovigo, L. N. Curcuminoid-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis. J. Vis. Exp. (200), e65903, doi:10.3791/65903 (2023).

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