5.11:

Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves

JoVE Core
Civil Engineering
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JoVE Core Civil Engineering
Sieve Analysis and Grading Curves

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01:19 min

November 07, 2024

Sieve analysis is a method used to determine the particle size distribution of aggregate materials. This process involves the following steps:

  1. The required quantity of dried sample of aggregate is weighed.
  2. The weighed aggregates are sieved through a set of sieves with square openings arranged in descending order of aperture size, with the largest mesh on top (Column 1 of Table 1).
  3. The stack of sieves is shaken or vibrated to facilitate the sorting of particles by size.
  4. After sieving for a specific period, the material retained on each sieve is weighed (Column 2 of Table 1).
  5. The weight of particles retained on each sieve is expressed as a percentage of the total sample mass (Column 3 of Table 1).
    Eq1
  6. The cumulative percentage passing each sieve is calculated to the nearest one percent from the finest sieve moving upwards (Column 4 of Table 1).
  7. The grading curve is plotted on a graph (Figure 1) where the ordinate values represent the percentage passing (Column 4 of Table 1), and the abscissa values show the sieve apertures (Column 1 of Table 1), set to a logarithmic scale.  

Table 1: Data for sieve analysis on sand

Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
ASTM Sieve (Sieve size) Weight retained on each sieve (g) Percentage weight retained on each sieve (%) Cumulative Percentage passing each sieve (%)
⅜ inch (9.5 mm) 0 0 98+2 = 100
No. 4 (4.75 mm) 10 2 88+10 = 98
No. 8 (2.36mm) 50 10 79+9 = 88
No. 16 (1.18 mm) 45 9 61+18 = 79
No. 30 (600 µ) 90 18 29+32 = 61
No. 50 (300 µ) 160 32 10+19 = 29
No. 100 (150 µ) 95 19 10
Bottom pan 50 10
Total weight of aggregate = 500 g

Figure 1

Grading curves visually simplifies the distribution of particle sizes and is essential for ensuring that aggregates meet the required grading specifications for construction projects.