Sintesi di 1,2-Azaborines e la preparazione dei loro complessi proteici con T4 lisozima Mutants
Summary
A protocol for the synthesis of 1,2-azaborines and the preparation of their protein complexes with T4 lysozyme mutants is presented.
Abstract
We describe a general synthesis of 1,2-azaborines using standard air-free techniques and protein complex preparation with T4 lysozyme mutants by vapor diffusion. Oxygen- and moisture-sensitive compounds are prepared and isolated under an inert atmosphere (N2) using either a vacuum gas manifold or a glove box. As an example of azaborine synthesis, we demonstrate the synthesis and purification of the volatile N-H-B-ethyl-1,2-azaborine by a five-step sequence involving distillation and column chromatography for the isolation of products. T4 lysozyme mutants L99A and L99A/M102Q are expressed with Escherichia coli RR1 strain. Standard protocols for chemical cell lysis followed by purification using carboxymethyl ion exchange column affords protein of sufficiently high purity for crystallization. Protein crystallization is performed in various concentrations of precipitant at different pH ranges using the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. Complex preparation with the small molecules is carried out by vapor diffusion method under an inert atmosphere. X-ray diffraction analysis of the crystal complex provides unambiguous structural evidence of binding interactions between the protein binding site and 1,2-azaborines.
Introduction
Boro-contenenti azoto eterocicli (vale a dire 1,2-azaborines) hanno recentemente attirato notevole attenzione come isosteri di areni. Questo isosteria può portare alla diversificazione dei motivi strutturali esistenti per ampliare lo spazio chimica 2, 3, 4. Azaborines hanno potenziale utilità per l'applicazione nella ricerca biomedica 5, 6, 7, 8, in particolare nel campo della chimica medicinale che i chimici svolgono sintesi di librerie di molecole strutturalmente e funzionalmente pertinenti. Significativamente, tuttavia, mentre ci sono numerose vie sintetiche ben sviluppati a molecole contenenti arene disponibili, sono stati riportati solo un numero limitato di metodi per la sintesi di azaborines 9, 10, </sup> 11, 12, 13. Ciò è dovuto principalmente ad un numero limitato di opzioni per la sorgente di boro e l'aria e la natura all'umidità sensibile della molecola nella fase iniziale della sequenza sintetica.
Nella prima parte di questo articolo, descriveremo una sintesi multi-scala grammo di N -TBS- B Cl-1,2-azaborine (3) utilizzando tecniche senza aria standard. Questo composto serve come intermedio versatile che può essere ulteriormente funzionalizzati al strutturalmente più complesse molecole 14, 15. Partendo da 3, verranno descritte la sintesi e la purificazione di N -H- B etil-1,2-azaborine (5) per l'uso in studi di legame proteico. Data la volatilità del 5, il suo isolamento efficace richiede un controllo preciso della temperatura di reazione, tempo e distillation condizioni.
Nella seconda parte, protocolli per l'espressione della proteina e l'isolamento di mutanti T4 lisozima (L99A L99A e / M102Q) 17, 18, 19, saranno presentati 20, seguita da cristallizzazione delle proteine e la preparazione di complessi di cristallo proteina-ligando. Mutanti T4 lisozima L99A L99A e / M102Q sono stati scelti come sistemi modello biologico per esaminare la capacità di idrogeno incollaggio di NH contenente molecole azaborine 17. Utilizzando un protocollo standard di biologia molecolare, la proteina è espressa in ceppo Escherichia coli RR1 e indotta con isopropil-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Purificazione di proteine viene effettuata utilizzando scambio ionico cromatografia su colonna. Protein cristallizzazione viene effettuata con soluzione altamente concentrata purificata proteine (> 95% di purezza mediante elettroforesi su gel) usando l'attaccaturacadere metodo diffusione del vapore. A causa della sensibilità dei ligandi di questo studio all'ossigeno, i complessi proteina-ligando sono preparati sotto condizioni di assenza di aria.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Nella prima parte di questo protocollo, abbiamo descritto una sintesi modificata del 1,2-azaborines basate su metodi precedentemente riportati 12, 13. Triallylborane 22 è stato utilizzato come sostituto per le rotte che utilizzano allyltriphenyl stagno o di potassio allyltrifluoroborate per preparare N -allyl- N -TBS- B -allyl cloruro addotto (1). Questo metodo consente un approccio più atomi-…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health NIGMS (R01-GM094541) and Boston College.
Materials
| Tetrahydrofuran (THF), inhibitor-free, for HPLC, ≥99.9% | Sigma Aldrich | 34865 | |
| Diethyl ether (Et2O), for HPLC, ≥99.9%, inhibitor-free | Sigma Aldrich | 309966 | |
| Methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), (Stabilized/Certified ACS) | Fisher | D37-20 | |
| Toluene | Fisher | T290-4 | |
| Pentane, HPLC | Fisher | P399-4 | |
| Acetonitrile | Fisher | A21-4 | |
| Calcium hydride (CaH2), reagent grade, 95% | Sigma Aldrich | 208027 | Pyrophoric |
| Palladium on activated carbon (Pd/C), 10 wt% Pd | Strem | 46-1900 | |
| 1.0 M Boron trichloride solution in hexane | Sigma Aldrich | 211249 | Highly toxic/ Pyrophoric |
| Triethylamine, ≥99.5% | Sigma Aldrich | 471283 | |
| Grubbs 1st generation catalyst | materia | C823 | |
| Acetamide | Sigma Aldrich | A0500 | |
| n-Butanol, anhydrous, 99.8% | Sigma Aldrich | 281549 | |
| Ethyllithium solution, 0.5 M in benzene/cyclohexane | Sigma Aldrich | 561452 | Highly toxic/ Pyrophoric |
| HCl solution, 2.0 M in Et2O | Sigma Aldrich | 455180 | |
| 2-Methylbutane, anhydrous, ≥99% | Sigma Aldrich | 277258 | |
| Escherichia coli, (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers (ATCC® 31343™) | ATCC | 31343 | |
| T4 lysozyme WT* (L99A) | Addgene | 18476 | |
| T4 lysozyme mutant (S38D L99A M102Q N144D) | Addgene | 18477 | |
| Ampicillin sodium salt | Sigma Aldrich | A0166 | |
| isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) | Invitrogen | AM9464 | |
| Sodium phosphate monobasic anhydrous | Fisher | BP329 | |
| Sodium Phosphate dibasic anhydrous | Fisher | BP332 | |
| Sodium chloride | Fisher | S642212 | |
| Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | Fisher | BP118 | |
| Magnesium chloride | Sigma Aldrich | M4880 | Corrosive |
| Thermo scientific pierce DNaseI | Fisher | PI-90083 | |
| GE Healthcare Sepharose Fast Flow Cation Exchange Media | Fisher | 45-002-931 | |
| Tris-base | Fisher | BP152-500 | |
| Sodium azide | TCI | S0489 | Highly toxic |
| 2-Mercaptoethanol | Fisher | ICN806443 | |
| Sartorius Vivaspin 20 Centrifugal Concentrators | Fisher | 14-558-501 | |
| Potassium phosphate monobasic | Sigma Aldrich | P5379 | |
| 2-Hydroxyethyl disulfide | Sigma Aldrich | 380474 | |
| N-paratone | Hampton Research | HR2-643 | |
| 4 RC Dialysis Membrane Tubing 12,000 to 14,000 Dalton MWCO | Fisher | 08-667E | |
| CryoLoop | Hampton Research | cryogenic tubing shaped into a loop | |
| CryoTong | Thermo Fisher | cryogenic tong | |
| Coot | Electron density images are generated from the software |
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