Ontwikkeling van een<em> In Vitro</em> Assay om contractiele functie van mesenchymale Cellen die Onderging-mesenchymale transitie Evalueer
Summary
Here, we describe the development and application of a gel contraction assay for evaluating contractile function in mesenchymal cells that underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
Abstract
Fibrosis is often involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic progressive diseases such as interstitial pulmonary disease. Pathological hallmark is the formation of fibroblastic foci, which is associated with the disease severity. Mesenchymal cells consisting of the fibroblastic foci are proposed to be derived from several cell sources, including originally resident intrapulmonary fibroblasts and circulating fibrocytes from bone marrow. Recently, mesenchymal cells that underwent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been also supposed to contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In addition, EMT can be induced by transforming growth factor β, and EMT can be enhanced by pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor α. The gel contraction assay is an ideal in vitro model for the evaluation of contractility, which is one of the characteristic functions of fibroblasts and contributes to wound repair and fibrosis. Here, the development of a gel contraction assay is demonstrated for evaluating contractile ability of mesenchymal cells that underwent EMT.
Introduction
Fibrose is betrokken bij de pathogenese van verschillende chronische progressieve ziekten zoals interstitiële longziekte, cardiale fibrose, levercirrose, terminale nierinsufficiëntie, systemische sclerose en auto-immuunziekte 1. Onder interstitiële longziekten, idiopathische longfibrose (IPF) is een chronische progressieve ziekte en geeft een slechte prognose. Pathologische kenmerk van IPF is de ontwikkeling van fibroblastische foci bestaande uit geactiveerde fibroblasten en myofibroblasten die worden geassocieerd met de prognose. De oorsprong van deze pulmonaire fibroblasten voorgesteld kunnen worden uit verschillende mesenchymale cellen, zoals oorspronkelijk resident pulmonaire fibroblasten en circuleert fibrocytes uit beenmerg. Recentelijk heeft epitheliale-mesenchymale transitie (EMT) voorgesteld worden geassocieerd met de vorming van mesenchymale cellen 2, en bijdragen aan de pathogenese van fibrotische aandoeningen.
Er wordt gedacht dat EMT speelt een belangrijke rol in het proces van foetale ontwikkeling, wondgenezing en progressie van kanker, waaronder tumorinvasie en metastase 3. Na het proces van EMT, epitheelcellen verkrijgen het vermogen van mesenchymale cellen door verlies van epitheliale merkers, zoals E-cadherine, en expressie van mesenchymale merkers zoals vimentine en α-gladde spier actine (SMA) 4,5. Eerdere studies toonden het bewijs dat EMT proces is geassocieerd met de ontwikkeling van weefsel fibrose in de nier en de longen 6 7. Bovendien, chronische ontsteking bevordert fibrotische ziekte 8; Bovendien, zoals inflammatoire cytokinen zoals tumornecrosefactor superfamilieelement 14 (TNFSF14, LIGHT), tumornecrosefactor (TNF) -α, en interleukine-1β, is aangetoond EMT 9-12 verbeteren.
Collageengel contractie assay, een collageen gebaseerde celcontractie assay waarin fibroblasten zijn ingebed in type Icollageengel driedimensionaal, ideaal in vitro model voor de evaluatie van de contractiliteit. Contractiliteit is een van de karakteristieke functies van fibroblasten en draagt bij normale wondgenezing en fibrose 13. Bij deze test wordt aangenomen dat de hechting van fibroblasten aan type I collageen door middel van integrine-afhankelijke mechanismen zou moeten mechanische spanning produceren onder bepaalde omstandigheden, en derhalve leiden tot weefselsamentrekking.
Hier wordt de ontwikkeling van de gel contractie assay gemeld worden aangepast aan de verwerving van contractiele functie uitwerkt in de cellen die EMT ondergingen. Dit rapport toont aan dat dit gewijzigde test is geschikt voor het evalueren van de contractiliteit in mesenchymale cellen die EMT ondergingen.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
De in deze onderzoeksprotocol omvat twee stappen. De eerste stap wordt uitgevoerd om EMT induceren, terwijl de tweede stap is de gel samentrekking assay. Aangezien het belangrijk te bevestigen dat cellen ondergingen EMT, stap 2 een uitstekende aanvulling op de morfologische veranderingen en gen expressie. Eerdere studies toonden aan dat EMT van A549-cellen werd geïnduceerd met slechts 24 TGF-β1; echter, zoals we eerder hebben gemeld 10, TNF-α behandeling verbetert EMT en de overname van mesenchy…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Tadashi Koyama for technical help. This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 23249045, 15K09211, 15K19172; a grant to the Respiratory Failure Research Group from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan; a grant for research on allergic disease and immunology, Japan.
Materials
| DMEM | sigma aldrich | 11965-092 | For A549 medium |
| FBS | GIBCO | 10437 | |
| Transforming Growth Factor-β1, Human, recombinant | Wako Laboratory chemicals | 209-16544 | |
| Recombinant Human TNF-α | R&D systems | 210-TA/CF | |
| E-Cadherin (24E10) Rabbit mAb | Cell Signaling Technology | #3195 | 1:3000 dilution |
| Vimentin (D21H3) Rabbit mAb | Cell Signaling Technology | #5741 | 1:3000 dilution |
| Anti-α-Tubulin antibody | sigma aldrich | T9026 | 1:10000 dilution |
| Monoclonal Anti-Actin, α-Smooth Muscle antibody | sigma aldrich | A5228 | 1:10000 dilution |
| Anti-N-cadherin antibody | BD Transduction Laboratories | #610920 | 1:1000 dilution |
| Anti-Mouse IgG, HRP-Linked Whole Ab Sheep (secondary antibody) | GE Healthcare | NA931-100UL | 1:20000 dilution |
| Anti-Rabbit IgG, HRP-Linked Whole Ab Donkey (secondary antibody) | GE Healthcare | NA934-100UL | 1:20000 dilution |
| blocking reagent | GE Healthcare | RPN418 | 2% in TBS-T |
| 6 Well Clear Flat Bottom TC-Treated Multiwell Cell Culture Plate, with Lid | corning | #353046 | |
| 100 mm cell culture dish | TPP | #93100 | |
| DMEM, powder | life technologies | 12100-046 | For 4×DMEM |
| type 1 collagen gel | Nitta gelatin | Cellmatrix type I-A | |
| 24 well cell culture plate | AGC TECHNO GLASS | 1820-024 | |
| Gel Documentation System | ATTO | AE-6911FXN | Gel imager |
| gel analyzing software | ATTO | Densitograph, ver. 3.00 | analysing software bundled with AE-6911FXN |
| Trypsin-EDTA (0.05%), phenol red | life technologies | 25300054 | |
| 24 Well Plates, Non-Treated | IWAKI | 1820-024 | |
| Trypan Blue Solution, 0.4% | life technologies | 15250-061 | |
| RNA extraction kit | Qiagen | 74106 | |
| reverse transcriptase | life technologies | 18080044 | |
| real time PCR system | Stratagene | Mx-3000P | |
| SYBR green PCR kit | Qiagen | 204145 | |
| Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (100X) | life technologies | 78429 | |
| PVDF membrane | ATTO | 2392390 | |
| protein assay kit | bio-rad | 5000006JA | |
| polyacrylamide gel | ATTO | 2331810 | |
| western blotting detection reagent | GE Healthcare | RPN2232 | |
| cold CCD camera | ATTO | Ez-Capture MG/ST | |
| Trypsin inhibitor | sigma aldrich | T9003-100MG | |
| Polyoxyethylene (20)Sorbitan Monolaurate | Wako Laboratory chemicals | 163-11512 | |
| polyoxyethylene (9) octyiphenyl ether | Wako Laboratory chemicals | 141-08321 |
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