Eine einfache und schnelle Protokoll zum Nicht enzymatisch Dissociate Frische menschlichen Geweben zur Analyse der infiltrierenden Lymphozyten
Summary
This protocol describes the rapid non-enzymatic dissociation of fresh human tissue fragments for qualitative and quantitative assessment of CD45+ cells (lymphocytes/leukocytes) present in various normal and malignant human tissues. Additionally, the supernatant obtained from the primary tissue homogenate can be collected and stored for further analysis or experimentation.
Abstract
Die Fähigkeit von Tumorzellen, das Immunsystem, gekennzeichnet durch Tumorflucht sowohl angeborenen und erworbenen Immunreaktionen entziehen wird nun als ein wichtiges Merkmal von Krebs angenommen. Unsere Forschung zu Brustkrebs konzentriert sich auf die aktive Rolle, die Tumor-infiltrierenden Lymphozyten in der Tumorprogression und der Behandlungserfolg spielen. Auf dieses Ziel, eine Methodik für die schnelle Isolierung von intakten lymphatischen Zellen von normalen und abnormalen Geweben haben wir in dem Bemühen, zu bewerten nahe ihrem nativen Zustand. Homogenate mit einem mechanischen Dissoziator zeigen sowohl erhöhte Lebensfähigkeit und Zellgewinnung unter Beibehaltung Oberflächenrezeptorexpression im Vergleich zum Enzym verdaute Gewebe vorbereitet. Außerdem hatte enzymatische Verdauung der verbleibenden unlöslichen Materials zusätzliche CD45 + Zellen anzeigt, dass qualitative und quantitative Messungen im Primär Homogenat wahrscheinlich wirklich infiltrieren Subpopulationen im Gewebe fragm reflektieren nicht wiederherstellenEintr. Die lymphoiden Zellen in diesen Homogenaten man einfach mit immunologischen (Phänotyp, Proliferation usw.) oder Molekular (DNA, RNA und / oder Protein), gekennzeichnet nähert. CD45 + Zellen können auch für die Reinigung Subpopulation, in vitro Expansion oder Kryokonservierung verwendet werden. Ein zusätzlicher Vorteil dieses Ansatzes ist, dass die Primärgewebe Stand aus den Homogenaten kann verwendet werden, um in normalen und malignen Geweben zu charakterisieren und zu vergleichen, Cytokine, Chemokine, Immunglobuline und Antigenen werden. Diese Protokoll-Funktionen sehr gut für den menschlichen Brustgewebe und sollte für eine breite Vielzahl von normalen und abnormalen Geweben.
Introduction
The tumor microenvironment is composed of various cell types with numerous studies showing they each play distinct and important roles in tumorigenesis1,2. These include, but are not limited to, infiltrating immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells and tumor cells3. Ex vivo studies of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL; CD45+ cells or leukocytes, which are predominantly lymphocytes in breast tumors) from fresh human tissue samples is made difficult by their low frequency, the small sample sizes often available for research and the potential for loss of viability during extraction. Because immune cells infiltrating tumors are usually present as passengers rather than permanent residents in general they are easier to release from the tissue matrix.
Dissociating tumor tissue while maintaining cellular integrity is technically challenging and has traditionally been performed using a combination of mechanical and enzymatic steps to prepare single cell suspensions4-8. This approach involves lengthy incubation periods and is associated with a significant reduction in cell viability as well as the loss of cell surface receptors by enzymatic cleavage. High quality flow cytometric studies characterizing TIL in the tumor microenvironment as well as clean purifications of CD45+ subpopulations by flow cytometry or antibody-coated beads are more difficult to achieve from enzyme-digested tumor tissue. In addition, the supernatant (SN) from the resulting tumor homogenate is not amenable to further analysis including quantification of secreted proteins (cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulins or tumor antigens) or experimental treatment of normal cells, because of the potential for protein degradation in the enzymatic digests.
In our search for a method to prepare single cell homogenates from breast tissues [including tumor, non-adjacent non-tumor (NANT) and normal (from mammary reductions) breast tissues] without enzymatic digestion, we tested a variety of mechanical homogenization techniques. Homogenates prepared using a mechanical dissociator had increased cell viability (2-fold) and total cell recovery (2-fold) while preserving surface receptor expression. Enzymatic digestion of the remaining insoluble material did not recover additional CD45+ cells suggesting they were all released in the initial homogenate. Thus, this rapid and simple approach allows both qualitative and quantitative assessment of the CD45+ subpopulations present in various normal and malignant human tissues. An added advantage of this approach is that the SN from the initial homogenate (primary tissue SN) can be collected and stored for further analysis or experimentation.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Diese Studie beschreibt ein optimiertes Verfahren für die schnelle Herstellung von normalen und malignen Brust Gewebehomogenaten ohne enzymatische Verdauung für nachfolgende Zellsortierung, Extraktion, Kryokonservierung und / oder phänotypische Analyse von CD45 + Subpopulationen. Das Ziel dieser experimentellen Ansatz ist es, Bilder der TIL, die ihre in vivo Zustand genau wieder und vergleichen sie mit normalen Geweben mit minimaler Manipulation der Gewebe frisch aus dem OP-Saal zu produzieren. Bi…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Diese Arbeit wurde durch Zuschüsse unterstützt fromthe belgischen Fonds für wissenschaftliche Forschung (FNRS), Les Amis de l'Institut Bordet, FNRS Arbeit Télévie, Plan Krebs Belgien, Fonds Lambeau-Marteaux, Fonds JC Heuson und Fonds Barsy.
Materials
| Equipment | Company | Catalog Number | Comments/Description |
| GentleMacs Dissociator | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-093-235 | BD Medimachine is somewhat equivalent |
| Centrifuge 5810 R | Eppendorf | N/A | or other standard table top centrifuge |
| Centrifuge 5417 R | Eppendorf | N/A | or other standard microcentrifuge |
| Esco Class II A2 Biosafety Cabinet | ESCO global | N/A | or other standard BSL2 hood |
| Inverted Microscope | Nikon eclipse TS100 | N/A | or other microscope compatible for a hemacytometer |
| Bürker Chamber | Marienfield | 640210 | or other standard hemacytometer |
| Navios Flow Cytometer | Beckman Coulter | N/A | or other flow cytometer (8-10 color recommended) |
| Materials | Company | Catalog Number | Comments/Description |
| GentleMacs C-Tube | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-096-344 | BD Medimachine uses Filcon |
| Cell Culture Dish | Sarstedt | 72,710 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| Disposable Scalpel | Swann-Morton | 0510 | or standard single use sterile scalpel |
| BD Cell Strainer 40µm | Becton Dickinson | 734-0002 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| BD Falcon Tube 50mL | Becton Dickinson | 352070 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| BD Falcon Tube 15mL | Becton Dickinson | 352097 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| BD FACS Tube 5mL | Becton Dickinson | 352008 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| Sterile Pasteur Pipette 5 mL | VWR | 612-1685 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| Microfuge Tube 1.5 mL | Eppendorf | 7805-00 | or other non-pyrogenic plasticware |
| Reagents | Company | Catalog Number | Comments/Description |
| X-Vivo 20 | Lonza | BE04-448Q | serum-free medium recommended |
| Phosphate buffered saline | Lonza | BE17-516F | standard physiological PBS |
| Trypan blue | VWR | 17942E | or other vital stain |
| VersaLyse | Beckman Coulter | A09777 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| Fixable viability Dye eFluor 780 | eBioscience | 65-0865-14 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD3 FITC | BD Biosciences | 345763 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD3 Vio Blue | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-094-363 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD4 PE | BD Biosciences | 345769 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD4 APC | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-091-232 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD8 ECD | Beckman Coulter | 737659 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD8 PerCP | BD Biosciences | 345774 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD19 APC-Vio770 | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-096-643 | for flow cytometry experiments |
| anti-CD45 VioGreen | Miltenyi Biotec | 130-096-906 | for flow cytometry experiments |
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