Kvantificere akutte ændringer i Renal sympatiske Nerve aktivitet som svar på centralnervesystemet manipulationer i bedøvede rotter
Summary
Metoder til måling af sympatisk og hjerte-kar-svar til centralnervesystemet (CNS) manipulationer er vigtige for at fremme neurovidenskab. Denne protokol blev udviklet for at hjælpe forskere med måle og kvantificere akutte ændringer i renal sympatiske nerve aktivitet (RSNA) i bedøvede rotter (ikke-overlevelse).
Abstract
Renal sympatiske nerve aktivitet (RSNA) og middel-arterielt tryk er vigtige parametre i hjerte-kar- og autonome forskning; der er dog begrænsede ressourcer lede forskere i teknikker til at måle og analysere disse variabler. Denne protokol beskriver metoder til måling af RSNA og middel-arterielt tryk i bedøvede rotter. Protokollen indeholder også metoder til at få adgang til hjernen under RSNA optagelser til centralnervesystemet (CNS) manipulationer. RSNA optagelse teknik er kompatibel med farmakologiske, optogenetic, eller elektrisk stimulation af CNS. Fremgangsmåde er nyttig, når en efterforsker vil måle kortsigtede (min til h) autonome svar i ikke-overlevelse eksperimenter til at korrelere anatomisk med CNS kerner. Tilgangen er ikke beregnet til at blive brugt til at få kronisk (overlevelse) optagelser af RSNA i rotter. Udledninger i RSNA, gennemsnit udbedret RSNA, og middel-arterielt tryk kan kvantificeres og analyseres yderligere ved hjælp af parametrisk statistiske test. Metoder til fremskaffelse af venøs adgang, optagelse middel-arterielt tryk telemetrically og hjerne fiksering for fremtidige histologiske analyse er også beskrevet i artiklen.
Introduction
Prækliniske opdagelser om autonom kontrol af hjerte-kar-systemet informere strategier til håndtering af lidelser som hypertension, hjerteinsufficiens og kronisk nyresygdom. Overdreven aktivitet af det sympatiske nervesystem og reduceret vagus hjerte tone bidrager til forhøjet blodtryk (BP)1. Kronisk forhøjet renal sympatisk udstrømning forbedrer katekolamin udskillelse og nedsætter renale blodgennemstrømning, med skadelige konsekvenser for hjerte-kar-/ renal systemer2,3. For at definere den neurobiologiske veje fører til autonom dysfunktion, er studier i gnavere vigtige for at afgøre, hvordan centrale nervesystem (CNS) neuroner regulere sympatisk parametre. Formålet med denne protokol er at tilvejebringe de tekniske data om måling af renal sympatiske nerve aktivitet (RSNA) og BP og skitsere teknikkerne til at kvantificere akut sympatiske ændringer som reaktion på CNS manipulationer i bedøvede rotter.
Akut (ikke-overlevelse) RSNA målinger (varig min til h) er nyttige, når forskerne vil sonden CNS farmakologisk, elektrisk, eller optogenetically i bedøvede rotter til at bestemme funktionerne af specifikke kerner. Ved hjælp af disse metoder, strukturer som den ensomme kerne, periaqueductal grå, er pedunculopontine tegmentum og rostralt ventrolaterale medulla blevet undersøgt for at definere neurobiologiske veje regulering sympatisk parametre4, 5,6,7. Denne tilgang er vigtig for at identificere CNS mål undersøges yderligere i kronisk modeller af autonom dysfunktion8,9. For at fuldføre disse eksperimenter, kræver laboratoriet en loddekolbe, kirurgisk mikroskop, stereotaxisk ramme, mikroelektrode forstærker og lyd monitor. Afhængigt af de faktorer i laboratoriet at bidrager til elektrisk støj, kan kirurgiske/optagelse område kræve et Faraday bur/jordforbindelse rem til at reducere elektrisk støj i RSNA optagelse. Hvis hjernen analyser vil kræve væv fiksering, en perfusion pumpe og aftræk hood er påkrævet. Data kan digitaliseres og registreres ved hjælp af flere fysiologisk software/data erhvervelse (analog-digital konverter) enheder4,5, med forskellige analyser valgmuligheder og kompatibilitet for at indarbejde telemetric signaler .
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Afgørende skridt til at måle RSNA omfatter: (1) undgå udspænding af nyrearteriestenose og nerver når adskiller nyre fra paraspinal muskel og når markedsføring nerve segment optagelse elektroder, (2) omhyggeligt dissekere de renale nervefibre fra de omkringliggende væv/skib, (3) at sikre, at elektroden ledninger er fri for væv, blod, eller lymfeknuder væske, og (4) forhindrer nerven mod udtørring ved at anvende mineralsk olie på den renale nerve og silica gel til nerve-elektrode enhed. I forbindelse med fejlfi…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Denne undersøgelse blev støttet af det nationale Institut for sygepleje forskning (K99/R00NR014369).
Materials
| Stainless steel wire | A-M Systems; Sequim, WA | 791000 | RSNA electrode |
| Polyethylene (PE-50) tubing | VWR; Radnor, PA | 63019-048 | RSNA electrode; vessel cannulation |
| Miniature pin connector | A-M Systems; Sequim, WA | 520200 | RSNA electrode |
| Crimping tool | Daniels Manufacturing Corp.; Orlando, FL | M22520 | RSNA electrode |
| Connector strip | Amphenol; Clinton Township, MI | 221-2653 | RSNA electrode |
| J-B Kwik Epoxy | J-B Weld, Sulphur Springs, TX | 8270 | RSNA electrode |
| Silicone | Permatex; Hartford, CT | 2222 | RSNA electrode |
| Heparin sodium; Injectable (10 mL vial, 1000 U/mL) | KV Veterinary Supply; David City, NE | P03466 | Venous line patency |
| Phenylephrine HCl; Injectable (1 mL vial; 10 mg/mL) | ACE Surgical Supply; Brockton, MA | 950-6312 | Testing renal sympathoinhibition |
| Single-hook elastic surgical stays | Harvard Apparatus; Holliston, MA | 72-2595 | Incision |
| Silk surgical tape | 3M, Minneapolis, MN | 1538-0 | Secure surgical stays |
| Needles, 20 G | Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO | Z192554-100EA | Vessel cannulation |
| Dumont #7 curved forceps | Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA | 11274-20 | Vessel cannulation |
| 5-0 silk suture ties | Braintree Scientific; Braintree, MA | SUT-S 106 | Vessel cannulation |
| Delicate hemostatic forceps | Roboz Surgical Instrument Co.; Gaithersburg, MD | RS-7117 | Vessel cannulation and RSNA surgery |
| Crile Hemostatic forceps | Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA | 13004-14 | Needle bending |
| Telemetry transmitter | Data Sciences International; Minneapolis, MN | PA-10 | Mean arterial pressure monitoring (telemetry) |
| Re-gel syringe | Data Sciences International; Minneapolis, MN | 276-0038-001 | Transmitter reuse (telemetry) |
| Disposable pressure transducer | Transpac; San Clemente, CA | MI-1224 | Mean arterial pressure monitoring |
| Clear-Cuff pressure infuser | MILA International Inc.; Florence, KY | 2281339 | Mean arterial pressure monitoring |
| Vessel cannulation forceps | Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA | 00574-11 | Catheter insertion |
| Black monofilament nylon 4-0 suture on reverse cutting needle | McKesson Medical-Surgical; San Francisco, CA | S661GX | Secure telemetry transmitter |
| Telemetry receiver | Data Sciences International; Minneapolis, MN | RPC-1 | Mean arterial pressure monitoring (telemetry) |
| LabChart Pro (software), PowerLab (acquisition hardware) | AD Instruments; Colorado Springs, CO | ML846, MX2 matrix 2.0 (Compatible with Data Science International telemetry) | 3 options for software/acquisition hardware |
| SciWorks (software), DataWave (acquisition hardware) | DataWave Technologies, Loveland, CO | N/A | |
| Spike 2 (software), Micro1401-3 | Cambridge Electronic Design Ltd., London UK | 1401-3 | |
| Micro-drill | Roboz Surgical Instrument Co.; Gaithersburg, MD | RS-6300 | CNS surgery |
| Stereotaxic surgery frame | Stoelting; Wood Dale, IL | 51600 | CNS surgery |
| Microelectrode amplifier with 10X pre-amplifier | A-M Systems; Sequim, WA | 1800-2 | RSNA recording |
| Retractors | Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA | 17009-07 | RSNA surgery |
| Micro-dissecting tweezers | Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA | 11251-10 | RSNA surgery |
| Micro-hook | Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA | 10064-14 | RSNA surgery |
| Mineral oil | Fisher Scientific; Waltham, MA | 8042-47-5 | RSNA surgery |
| Audio monitor | A-M Systems; Sequim, WA | 3300 | RSNA surgery |
| Silica gel | Wacker, Munchen; Germany | RT601A-B | RSNA surgery |
| Electrical clips | Tyco Electronics; Schaffhausen, Switzerland | EB0283-000 | Grounding or securing perfusion needle |
| Bonn scissors, straight/sharp points | Roboz Surgical Instrument Co; Gaithersburg, MD | RS-5840 | Perfusion |
| Gavage needle | Harvard Apparatus; Holliston, MA | 75-0286 | Perfusion |
| Masterflex perfusion pump | Cole-Parmer; Vernon Hills, IL | 7524-10 | Perfusion |
| Masterflex platinum-cured silicone tubing | Cole-Parmer; Vernon Hills, IL | 96410-15 | Perfusion |
| Formalin (10% buffered solution; 4 L) | Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO | HT501128 | Perfusion |
| Sucrose | Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO | S0389 | Cryoprotection |
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