Prävention von Hitzestress Unerwünschte Wirkungen bei Ratten durch<em> Bacillus subtilis</em> Dehnungs
Summary
We described a protocol for prevention of heat stress effects in rats by oral pre-treatment with beneficial bacteria. This protocol can be modified and used for various routes of administration and for analysis of different compounds.
Abstract
Diese Studie wurde entworfen , um die Schutzwirkung des Bacillus subtilis Stamms gegen Komplikationen Stress aufzuheizen Bezug zu bewerten. Zweiunddreißig Sprague-Dawley-Ratten wurden in dieser Studie verwendet. Die Tiere wurden oral zweimal täglich für zwei Tage mit B behandelt subtilis – Stamm BSB3 oder PBS. Am nächsten Tag nach der letzten Behandlung wurde jede Gruppe eingeteilt und zwei experimentelle Gruppen (eine mit PBS behandelt und eine mit B. subtilis – behandelt) wurden für 25 min bei 45 o C gebracht. Zwei Kontrollgruppen waren für 25 Minuten bei Raumtemperatur. Alle Ratten wurden eingeschläfert und verschiedene Parameter wurden in allen Gruppen analysiert. Unerwünschte Wirkungen von Hitzestress werden durch die Abnahme der Zotten Höhe und Gesamt Mukosadicke im Darmepithel registriert; Translokation von Bakterien aus dem Lumen; Vesikulation von Erythrozyten und Erhebung der Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) im Blut erhöht. Die schützende Wirksamkeit der Behandlung wird durch pre ausgewertetErfindung dieser Nebenwirkungen. Das Protokoll wurde für die orale Behandlung von Ratten, die mit Bakterien zur Verhinderung von Hitzestress Komplikationen eingerichtet, aber dieses Protokoll kann auch für andere Verabreichungswege und für die Analyse verschiedener Verbindungen modifiziert und verwendet werden.
Introduction
Different stressors affect human and animal health. Temperature is one of the most stressful factors, causing chronic, acute and even lethal illnesses1. Changes in intestinal morphology and a loss of gut barrier integrity after heat stress were documented in many cases2,3. This protective barrier is responsible for defense against translocation of gut bacteria and their toxins, in particular lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from the lumen to the internal circulation4,5. Stability of the gut microbiota significantly influences intestinal barrier function, the immune response of the host, and tolerance to stress conditions6. Thus, modulation of the intestinal microbiota can provide a novel approach for prevention of stress-related adverse effects.
Beneficial bacteria have been used as a promising strategy to modify the gut microbiota for successful management of various clinical conditions, such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, metabolic disorders7-10. Probiotic effects of beneficial bacteria include production of essential metabolites to support intestinal health, stimulation of the immune system, promotion of lactose tolerance, restoration of epithelial dysfunction. Probiotics were effective in prevention of the stress-related complications in vitro and in animal models11,12.
Researchers have given more attention to Bacillus bacteria as probiotics because these bacteria support intestinal homeostasis13 and have beneficial effects on the host14. Our previous data demonstrated high efficacy of Bacillus probiotics against pathogens in vitro15,16 and in clinical trials17,18. Here, we aim to evaluate the preventive effect of B. subtilis BSB3 strain against complications after heat stress.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Die Exposition gegenüber hohen Temperaturen führt zu schweren gesundheitlichen Bedingungen 29. Prävention und Früherkennung von Komplikationen zu Hitzestress im Zusammenhang von entscheidender Bedeutung sind 30. Das dargestellte Protokoll kann die Wirksamkeit verschiedener Ansätze zur Verhinderung von Hitzestress nachteiligen Wirkungen zu bewerten, verwendet werden.
Kritische Schritte in diesem Protokoll sind: die Wärmebehandlungsverfahren (45 <…
Disclosures
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Auburn University fund FOP 101002-139294-2050.
Materials
| Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) | Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO | P4417 | |
| Ethyl Alcohol | Pharmco products Inc. Brookfield, CT, USA | 64-17-5 | |
| Agar | VWR | 97064-334 | |
| MacConkey agar plates | VWR | 470180-742 | |
| 5% blood agar plates | VWR | 89405-024 | |
| Brucella blood with Hemin, and Vitamin K, plates |
VWR | 89405-032 | |
| Bouin’s Fixative | Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA | 15990 | |
| IL-10 Rat ELISA kit | Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA | KRC0101 | |
| IL-1beta Rat ELISA Kit | Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA | KRC0011 | |
| IL-6 Rat ELISA Kit | Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA | KRC0061 | |
| INF-gamma Rat ELISA Kit | Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA | KRC4021 | |
| TNF-alpha Rat ELISA Kit | Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA | KRC3011 | |
| Rat LPS ELISA Kit | NeoBioLab, MA, USA | RL0275 | |
| Environmental Chamber 6020-1 | Caron, Marietta, OH, USA | 6020-1 | |
| Centrifuge | Beckman Coulter, Indianapolis, IN, USA | Optima L-90K | |
| Ultra Centrifuge | |||
| Light microscope optical system | CitoViva Technology Inc., Auburn, AL | ||
| Colony counter | Fisher Scientific , Pittsburgh, PA, USA | RE-3325 | |
| Freezer | Haier, Brooklyn, NY, USA | HCMO50LA | |
| Ultra microplate reader | Bio-Tek Instrument, Winooski, VT, USA | ELx 808 | |
| Auto Strip Washer | Bio-Tek Instrument, Winooski, VT, USA | ELx50 | |
| Pipettes | Gilson, Pipetman, France | P100, P200, P1000 | |
| C24 Incubator Shaker | New Brunswick Scientific, Enfield, CT, USA | Classic C24 | |
| Rocking Shaker | Reliable Scientific, Inc., Nesbit, MS, USA | 55 | |
| Petri dishes | Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA | 875713 | 100mmX15mm |
| SterilGard III Advance | The Baker Company, Sanford, ME, USA | SG403 | |
| Culture Growing Flasks | Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA | 4995 | PYREX 250mL Erlenmeyer flasks |
| Optical Spectrometer Genesys 20 | Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. | 4001 | |
| Sony DXC-33 Video camera | Sony | ||
| Richardson test slide | Electron Microscopy Science, Hatfield, PA, USA | 80303 | |
| Millipore water purification system | Millipore | Direct-Q | |
| Image-Pro Plus software | Media Cybernetics, MD, USA | ||
| Triple Beam Balance | OHAUS Corporation, Parsippany, NJ, USA | ||
| Tissue Homogenizer, Dounce | VWR | 71000-518 | |
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