We describe the use of synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques to probe details of intercalation/deintercalation processes in electrode materials for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries. Both in situ and ex situ experiments are used to understand structural behavior relevant to the operation of devices
Doeff, M. M., Chen, G., Cabana, J., Richardson, T. J., Mehta, A., Shirpour, M., Duncan, H., Kim, C., Kam, K. C., Conry, T. Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques. J. Vis. Exp. (81), e50594, doi:10.3791/50594 (2013).