A Raman Spectroscopy-Based Direct Immunoassay to Detect a Specific Antigen
Published: June 29, 2023
Abstract
Source: Hanson, C., et al. Fabricating a UV-Vis and Raman Spectroscopy Immunoassay Platform. J. Vis. Exp.(2016).
In this video, we describe the Raman spectroscopy-based direct immunoassay method for detecting specific target antigens. The antibodies, which are adsorbed onto the surface of gold nanoparticles attached to Raman probes, interact with target antigens and produce a specific Raman spectrum, which is subsequently detected.
Protocol
1. Prepare UV-Vis/Raman Probes Prepare bare AuNP solution Prepare a 2 ml solution of AuNPs with a concentration of approximately 1 x 1011 particles per ml. If the AuNPs need to be concentrated, fill low-binding centrifuge tubes with 2,000 μl of stock AuNP and centrifuge at 5,000 x g for 20 min or until the supernatant is clear. Remove the supernatant by pipetting, being careful not to disturb the AuNP pellet. Combine the rem…
Representative Results
Figure 1. Prepared immunoassay plate. Image of a prepared immunoassay plate. Rows A through E are test samples while rows F through H are control samples. Column 1 contains the undiluted nanoparticles and every subsequent column has half the concentration of AuNP probes.
開示
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Materials
| 60 nm Gold Nanoparticle | Ted Pella, Inc. | 15708-6 | These are citrate-capped gold nanoparticles. Please see Discussion for relationship between Raman reporter and AuNP surface charge and its imporance to proper selection of AuNP and/or Raman reporter. |
| Sodium Bicarbonate | Fisher Scientific | S233-500 | |
| Methanol | Pharmco-Aaper | 339000000 | |
| Tris-Buffered Saline (10x) pH 7.5 | Scy Tek | TBD999 | |
| Bottle Top Filtration Unit | VWR | 97066-202 | |
| Tween 20 (polysorbate 20) | Scy Tek | TWN500 | Used as an emulsifying agent for washing steps. |
| Phosphate-Buffered Saline 10x Concentrate, pH 7.4 | Scy Tek | PBD999 | |
| Protein LoBind Tube 2.0 ml | Eppendorf Tubes | 22431102 | LoBind tubes prevent binding of proteins and AuNPs to surfaces of the tubes. |
| Protein LoBind Tube 0.5 ml | Eppendorf Tubes | 22431064 | LoBind tubes prevent binding of proteins and AuNPs to surfaces of the tubes. |
| Microplate Devices UniSeal | GE Healthcare | 7704-0001 | Used for sealing and storing functionalized plates. |
| Assay Plate, With Low Evaporation Lid, 96 Well Flat Bottom | Costar | 3370 | |
| HPLC-grade water | Sigma Aldrich | 270733-4L | |
| 3,3′-Diethylthiatricarbocyanine iodide (DTTC) | Sigma Aldrich | 381306-250MG | Raman reporter |
| mPEG-Thiol, MW 5,000 – 1 gram | Laysan Bio, Inc. | MPEG-SH-5000-1g | |
| OPSS-PEG-SVA, MW 5,000 – 1 gram | Laysan Bio, Inc. | OPSS-PEG-SVA-5000-1g | OPSS-PEG-SVA has an NHS end. |
| Mouse IgG, Whole Molecule Control | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 31903 | Antigen |
| Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Cross Adsorbed Secondary Antibody | Thermo Fisher Scientific | 31164 | Antibody |
| Human Serum Albumin Blocking Solution | Sigma Aldrich | A1887-1G | Bovine serum albumin can be used instead. |
| UV-Vis Spectrophotometer | Thermo Scientific | Nanodrop 2000c | |
| UV-Vis Spectrophotometer | BioTek | Synergy 2 | |
| In-house built 785 nm inverted Raman microscope unit | N/A | N/A | An inverted Raman microscope is best for proper focusing onto surface of the well plate. Otherwise a very low magnification will be used due to height of the 96-well plate. An in-house built system was used as it was cheaper than buying from a vendor. However, any commercially available inverted Raman microscope system can be used. |
