Early stage hemodynamic dysfunction is critical to the development of kidney disease. Yet, detection methodologies are limited. Recent advances in sonography provide a noninvasive, accurate option for early detection of kidney injury. This study outlines a step-by-step, sonographic methodology for detecting kidney dysfunction using a drug-induced nephrotoxicity rat model.
Fisch, S., Liao, R., Hsiao, L., Lu, T. Early Detection of Drug-Induced Renal Hemodynamic Dysfunction Using Sonographic Technology in Rats. J. Vis. Exp. (109), e52409, doi:10.3791/52409 (2016).