Summary

単離とマウス骨髄由来の単球の静脈注射

Published: December 27, 2014
doi:

Summary

Here we present a protocol that generates large amounts of murine monocytes from heterogeneous bone marrow for translational applications. In comparison to others, this new method helps reduce the number of sacrificed animals and lowers costs by avoiding expensive methods such as high gradient magnetic cell separation (MACS).

Abstract

As a subtype of leukocytes and progenitors of macrophages, monocytes are involved in many important processes of organisms and are often the subject of various fields in biomedical science. The method described below is a simple and effective way to isolate murine monocytes from heterogeneous bone marrow.

Bone marrow from the femur and tibia of Balb/c mice is harvested by flushing with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Cell suspension is supplemented with macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and cultured on ultra-low attachment surfaces to avoid adhesion-triggered differentiation of monocytes. The properties and differentiation of monocytes are characterized at various intervals. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), with markers like CD11b, CD115, and F4/80, is used for phenotyping. At the end of cultivation, the suspension consists of 45%± 12% monocytes. By removing adhesive macrophages, the purity can be raised up to 86%± 6%. After the isolation, monocytes can be utilized in various ways, and one of the most effective and common methods for in vivo delivery is intravenous tail vein injection.

This technique of isolation and application is important for mouse model studies, especially in the fields of inflammation or immunology. Monocytes can also be used therapeutically in mouse disease models.

Introduction

The isolation of monocytes is important and critical for many in vitro and in vivo studies. These cells are targets for diseases such as peripheral arterial disease, coronary heart disease, or other ischemic diseases, since collateral vessel growth is strongly driven by local inflammation. Inflammatory responses include endothelial activation and local recruitment of leukocytes, mainly monocytes, which then mature to macrophages and create a highly arteriogenic environment by secreting multiple growth factors to induce the remodeling of an arteriole into a functional collateral artery1-3. Monocytes also mature to dendritic cells, which are frequently used for immunological studies4,5 and cancer research6,7.

Problematic in the approach for monocyte isolation from peripheral blood8 is the high number of donor animals needed to produce a sufficient amount of monocytes for most analyses. Former protocols describe methods such as density gradient centrifugation and cell depletion via MACS9 when isolating monocytes; however, these techniques can alter the characteristics and functionality of monocytes which can lead to difficulties in interpretation10,11. Moreover, these methods are difficult and can reduce experimental reproducibility.

Our aim with this protocol is to provide a simple and cost effective method to generate large amounts of bone marrow-derived monocytes. Due to the high cell yield of 11 x 106 ± 3 x 106 cells obtained by this protocol, we can substantially reduce the number of mice required during the isolation of bone marrow-derived monocytes. The procedure can be completed within a minimal amount of time, and without using expensive and complicated techniques as referenced above. Here, we extract monocytes from native bone marrow suspension of donor mice, cultivate the suspension on ultralow attachment plates, and supplement the solution with 20 ng/ml M-CFS. On day 5 of incubation, cells are harvested and characterized to confirm functional and phenotypic properties.

For experiments in the field of arteriogenesis, intravenous transplantation of these bone marrow-derived monocytes into mice is an effective method of systemic drug delivery, which can be combined with femoral artery ligation in common peripheral arterial disease models.

Protocol

この研究は、動物保護(24D-9168.11から1/2008から24)のためのドイツ法第8に従って、ザクセンとザクセン=アンハルト、Regierungspraesidiumドレスデン/ハレの国の許可を得て実施した。 1細胞の単離 1.1大腿骨と脛骨の調製を閉じたビンにイソフルランを気化させることにより、5%イソフルラン濃度を用いて、マウスを麻酔。マウスは3秒間移動を停止し?…

Representative Results

マウス骨髄から抽出された細胞溶液は、様々な細胞型から成る。主要な細胞型は、リンパ球、顆粒球及び単球である。細胞型は、分化の5日後に採取し、ネイティブ懸濁液および細胞については、図1に示されているサイズおよび粒度によって推定することができる。培養中のシフト細胞組成に注意してください。しかし、集団の正確な分類は、細胞マーカーの特徴的な表現に依存…

Discussion

我々は、骨髄由来のマウスの単球を大量に単離するための単純で費用効果的な方法を記載する。 1.4×10 6の単球収率5を得た末梢血を使用して、他のプロトコルと比較して、我々は、単一のドナーマウスから11×10 6±3×10 6単球のより高い収率を得ることができる。

この方法の課題を考慮した場合、非無菌条件下で作業する場合には、汚染の可能性を?…

Divulgaciones

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the DFG (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, German Research Foundation) SFB 854 (Sonderforschungsbereich, collaborative research center).

Thanks to Hans-Holger Gärtner, Audiovisuelles Medienzentrum, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany, for technical support.

Materials

6-well-ultra-low-attachment plate Corning Incorporated, NY, USA 6-well-ultra-low-attachment plate, with cap, sterile
8- 12 week old, male, balb/c mice  Charles River, Sulzfeld, Germany
96-well-plate Greiner bio one GmbH, Frickenhausen, Germany
Blue dead cell stain Life technologies GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
Bovine serum albumine GE Healthcare, Freiburg, Germany Fraction V, pH 7,0
Canules B. Braun, Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany 28G, 30G
CD115 eBioscience, San Diego, USA 12-1152
CD11b eBioscience, San Diego, USA 53-0112
Cell culture dish Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Frickenhausen, Germany With cap, steril
Centrifuge Beckman Coulter GmbH, Krefeld, Germany Allegra® X-15R centrifuge
Depilatory cream Veet, Mannheim, Germany
Disinfection agent Schülke&Mayr GmbH, Norderstedt, Germany Kodan Tinktur forte
Disposable scalpel No.10  Feather safety razor Co.Ltd, Osaka, Japan 
EDTA Sigma Aldrich, Hamburg, Germany
Ethanol 96%  Otto Fischar GmbH und Co KG, Saarbrücken, Germany
Extraction unit Pipetus Hirschmann Laborgeräte GmbH & Co.KG, Eberstadt, Germany
F4/80 AbD Serotec, Düsseldorf, Germany MCA497APC
FACS buffer  Manufactured by our group with single components PBS, 0,5% BSA, 0,1% NaN3
FACS device Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklyn Lakes, New Jersey, USA BD FACS Canto II
FACS tubes     Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklyn Lakes, New Jersey, USA
Falcon® pipette Becton Dickenson Labware, NY, USA
Fetal calf serum Sigma Aldrich, Hamburg, Germany
Fine forceps Rubis, Stabio, Switzerland
Gloves Rösner-Matby Meditrade GmbH, Kiefersfelden, Germany
Gr1 eBioscience, San Diego, USA 53-5931
Heating plate  Labotect GmbH, Göttingen, Germany  Hot Plate 062
Incubator Ewald Innovationstechnik GmbH, Bad Nenndorf, Germany Incu safe
Isofluran Baxter Deutschland GmbH, Unterschleißheim, Germany
Light microscope Carl Zeiss SMT GmbH, Oberkochen, Germany Axiovert 40 °C
Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor Sigma Aldrich, Hamburg, Germany SRP3110 
Mechanical shaker IKA, Staufen, Germany ms2 minishaker
Medium 199 PAA Laboratories GmbH, Pasching, Austria Warm in 37 °C water bath before use
Micro test tubes Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
Microbiological work bench Thermo Electron, LED GmbH, Langenselbold, Germany Hera safe
Monocyte wash buffer  Manufactured by our group with single components PBS, 0,5% BSA, 2mM EDTA
Mouse restrainer Various
NaCl Berlin Chemie AG, Berlin, Germany
NaN3 (sodium acide) Sigma Aldrich, Hamburg, Germany
Neubauer counting chamber Paul Marienfeld GmbH und Co.KG, Lauda-Königshofen, Germany
Nylon cellsieve Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklyn Lakes, New Jersey, USA Cell strainer, 70 µm mesh size
Penicillin/Streptomycin Sigma Aldrich, Hamburg, Germany
Phosphate buffered saline Life technologies GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany pH 7.4, sterile
Pipettes Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany 10µL/100µL/200µL/1000µL
Pipetting heads Eppendorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
Serological pipette Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Frickenhausen, Germany Cellstar 5 ml, 10 ml
Suction unit Integra bioscience, Fernwald, Germany Vacusafe comfort
Surgical scissors Word Precision Instruments, Inc., Sarasota, USA
Syringe B. Braun, Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany 1mL Omnifix® -F insuline syringe
Tubes with cap Greiner bio one GmbH, Frickenhausen, Germany 15mL/50mL Cellstar tubes
Warm water bath Julabo Labortechnik GmbH, Seelbach, Germany Julabo SW22

Referencias

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Wagner, M., Koester, H., Deffge, C., Weinert, S., Lauf, J., Francke, A., Lee, J., Braun- Dullaeus, R. C., Herold, J. Isolation and Intravenous Injection of Murine Bone Marrow Derived Monocytes. J. Vis. Exp. (94), e52347, doi:10.3791/52347 (2014).

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