In Vitro Modelagem de Cancerous Neural Invasion: o gânglio Modelo de raiz dorsal
Summary
This video article shows the use of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG)/cancer cell model in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Abstract
One way that solid tumors disseminate is through neural invasion. This route is well-known in cancers of the head and neck, prostate, and pancreas. These neurotropic cancer cells have a unique ability to migrate unidirectionally along nerves towards the central nervous system (CNS). The dorsal root ganglia (DRG)/cancer cell model is a three dimensional (3D) in vitro model frequently used for studying the interaction between neural stroma and cancer cells. In this model, mouse or human cancer cell lines are grown in ECM adjacent to preparations of freshly dissociated cultured DRG. In this article, the DRG isolation protocol from mice, and implantation in petri dishes for co-culturing with pancreatic cancer cells are demonstrated. Five days after implantation, the cancer cells made contact with the DRG neurites. Later, these cells formed bridgeheads to facilitate more extensive polarized, neurotropic migration of cancer cells.
Introduction
tumores sólidos divulgação de três maneiras principais: invasão direta, disseminação linfática e disseminação hematogênica. No entanto, há um quarto meio de disseminação do câncer que é frequentemente ignoradas, disseminação ao longo dos nervos. Invasão cancerosa neural (CNI) é um percurso bem conhecido de disseminação do cancro, especialmente em tipos de cancro da cabeça e do pescoço, um de próstata 2, 3 e pâncreas. 4-8 CNI ocorre em mais de 80% dos indivíduos com adenocarcinoma do pâncreas, levando a tumor retroperitonial espalhar através dos nervos gânglio celíaco. Estas células cancerosas neurotrópico têm uma capacidade única para migrar unidireccionalmente ao longo dos nervos em relação ao sistema nervoso central (SNC). 9 Esta descoberta sugere que o microambiente perineural pode ser explorada por células cancerosas, proporcionando factores que suportam o crescimento maligno.
Um dos poucos modelos in vitro para a pesquisa CNI é o gânglio da raiz dorsal (DRG) / modelo de células de cancro. este modEL é frequentemente utilizado para estudar a interacção entre as células do estroma parácrina e cancerosas neurais. 10-18 Neste modelo, rato ou linhas celulares de cancro humano são cultivadas em matriz extracelular (ECM) adjacente às preparações de DRG dissociados cultivadas de fresco.
Este artigo vídeo mostra a aplicação do in vitro CNI em adenocarcinoma ductal pancreático.
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
Este artigo apresenta um modelo in vitro que recapitula o microambiente canceroso no nicho neural, o modelo DRG. O vídeo demonstra todos os passos a partir de reconhecer marcos anatômicos, tais como o DRG no ratinho, a sua extracção e, finalmente, a sua cultura em ECM. Co-cultura de DRG juntamente com as células cancerosas, também é apresentado. Não há outros modelos para a investigação in vitro de invasão perineural descritos na literatura tornando este modelo essencial para estud…
Offenlegungen
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
Edith Suss-Toby is thanked for her assistance in the time-lapse microscopy and image analysis. Nofar Rada is thanked for the artistic work.
Materials
| Equipments: | |||
| Operating microscope | Leica | M205 | |
| Tiime Lapse System | Zeiss | ||
| Forceps | Sigma-Aldrich | F4142 | |
| Surgical blade | Sigma-Aldrich | Z309036 | |
| Scissors | Sigma-Aldrich | S3271 | |
| 35mm petri dishes, glass bottom | de groot | 60-627860 | |
| Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
| Materials: | |||
| 70% ethanol | sigma | ||
| Cold PBS | Biological industries | 02-023-1A | |
| DMEM | Biological industries | 01-055-1A | |
| FCS | Rhenium | 10108165 | |
| Penicillin and streptomycin | Biological industries | 01-031-1B | |
| Sodium Pyruvate | Biological industries | 03-042-1B | |
| L-Glutamine | Biological industries | 03-020-1B | |
| Growth factor depleted matrigel | Trevigen | 3433-005-01 |
Referenzen
- Carter, R. L., Foster, C. S., Dinsdale, E. A., Pittam, M. R. Perineural spread by squamous carcinomas of the head and neck, a morphological study using antiaxonal and antimyelin monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Pathol. 36, 269-275 (1983).
- Beard, C. J., et al. Perineural invasion is associated with increased relapse after external beam radiotherapy for men with low-risk prostate cancer and may be a marker for occult, high-grade cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 58, 19-24 (2004).
- Maru, N., Ohori, M., Kattan, M. W., Scardino, P. T., Wheeler, T. M. Prognostic significance of the diameter of perineural invasion in radical prostatectomy specimens. Hum Pathol. 32, 828-833 (2001).
- Ceyhan, G. O., et al. Pancreatic neuropathy and neuropathic pain–a comprehensive pathomorphological study of 546 cases. Gastroenterology. 136, 177-186 (2009).
- Ceyhan, G. O., et al. The neurotrophic factor artemin promotes pancreatic cancer invasion. Ann Surg. 244, 274-281 (2006).
- Takahashi, T., et al. Perineural invasion by ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. J Surg Oncol. 65, 164-170 (1997).
- Zhu, Z., et al. Nerve growth factor expression correlates with perineural invasion and pain in human pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol. 17, 2419-2428 (1999).
- Hirai, I., et al. Perineural invasion in pancreatic cancer. Pancreas. 24, 15-25 (2005).
- Mitchem, J. B., et al. Targeting tumor-infiltrating macrophages decreases tumor-initiating cells, relieves immunosuppression, and improves chemotherapeutic responses. Cancer Res. 73, 1128-1141 (2013).
- Kelly, K., et al. Attenuated multimutated herpes simplex virus-1 effectively treats prostate carcinomas with neural invasion while preserving nerve function. FASEB J. 22, 1839-1848 (2008).
- Dai, H., et al. Enhanced survival in perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer, an in vitro approach. Hum Pathol. 38, 299-307 (2007).
- Ayala, G. E., et al. Cancer-related axonogenesis and neurogenesis in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 14, 7593-7603 (2008).
- Ayala, G. E., et al. Stromal antiapoptotic paracrine loop in perineural invasion of prostatic carcinoma. Cancer Res. 66, 5159-5164 (2006).
- Ceyhan, G. O., et al. Neural invasion in pancreatic cancer, a mutual tropism between neurons and cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 374, 442-447 (2008).
- Bapat, A. A., Hostetter, G., Von Hoff, D. D., Han, H. Perineural invasion and associated pain in pancreatic cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 11, 695-707 (2011).
- Ketterer, K., et al. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of laser-captured cells points to potential paracrine and autocrine actions of neurotrophins in pancreatic cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 9, 5127-5136 (2003).
- Gil, Z., et al. Nerve-sparing therapy with oncolytic herpes virus for cancers with neural invasion. Clin Cancer Res. 13, 6479-6485 (2007).
- Gil, Z., et al. Paracrine regulation of pancreatic cancer cell invasion by peripheral nerves. J Natl Cancer Inst. 102, 107-118 (2010).
- Weizman, N., et al. Macrophages mediate gemcitabine resistance of pancreatic adenocarcinoma by upregulating cytidinedeaminase. Oncogene. 33, 3812-3819 (2014).
