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皮肤电反应,唾液生物标志物和自我报告的用来评估本科生性能在一个实验室考试活动

Published: February 10, 2016
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Özet

Research on undergraduate students’ academic achievement emotions have primarily relied on self-reports in laboratory settings. Studies rarely include bio-physiological measures to these self-reports. This protocol will describe a methodology that integrates self-reports with and bio-physiological measures to assess student response and performance during a laboratory examination activity.

Abstract

通常情况下,自我报告在教育研究用来评估学生的反应和性能提高到了课堂活动。然而,另外的生物和生理的措施,例如唾液生物标志物和皮肤电反应很少包括,限制了可以得到更好的了解学生成绩的丰富信息。一个实验室的协议,以学习本科学生的课堂事件 (如考试)提出的反应。参与者被要求来完成他们的学位有代表性的考试。前后实验室考试会话,学生完成了学业情绪自我报告,并接受记者采访时说并联这些问题时,参加者穿着一件皮电传感器和收集唾液生物标志物。相比于自我报告时,从三个方法收集的数据产生了大约学生成绩信息的更大的深度。这项工作可以扩大教育通过获得接近实时的学生对考试活动的更全面的方法,人的研究能力。

Introduction

在学术成果的情感领域,研究表明,学生的理解“的动机能预测学生的表现,成就和职业生涯规划1。学生的能力,以“应对情感”,以具有挑战性的课程任务2是举足轻重的学生的专业发展。然而,更接近与学业成就的情绪实时响应,充分开发3-6。当使用唾液生物标志物代表的课堂情况 (例如,应试),皮肤电反应和自我报告的调查提出了本文介绍的协议,研究如何开拓更接近实时从学生的反应例如,生理反应)和采访。虽然工作不会寻求建立这些唾液生物标志物,皮肤电反应和自我报告之间的连接,今后的工作将致力于进一步探索的基本机制每个响应相关联。

在课堂学习成绩情绪自我报告可以用来评估情感,认知,动机,生理和代表人类思想行为的组成部分。由于其成本低廉,易于传播和可追溯性,自我报告的调查课堂设置 7高度使用。然而,这些具有一些缺点。例如,自我报告仅限于有意识的头脑8的表示,这可以改变个人代表自己的方式。此外,语言和语义的自我报告可能会以不同的文化和个人7之间理解的;其含义可以随时间改变或者代表东西的该参与者参与8的情况的光不同。此外,自报学术环境可以是多方面的,千变万化的,依赖于内存,社会期望和个人信仰79-11。例如,参加者的期望和动机“有关教授的信念”会影响学生如何应对,并在课堂活动7,9-11执行。由于需要根据更接近实时响应这样的,互补的方法使用自我报告时减少采样偏见和主观性。这项工作将补充唾液生物标志物和皮肤电反应的自我报告,以更好地了解学生的课堂活动较近的实时响应。

唾液生物标志物的取样理解到可以影响认知能力9各种紧张的个体反应的生理基础,已成为流行。认知心理发展是由许多物种,包括人类荷尔蒙7,12影响。在开发过程中的敏感时期,激素能够在脑的组织作出的变化,其可具有长最后ING对行为的影响8。认知的不同方面,例如,可以通过激素期间个体的发展的不同时期影响。空间能力,其研究表明,包括性别差异13-17,适度雄激素增强例如,脱氢-脱氢表雄酮,雄激素)在胎儿发育,然后再整个成年期18。相反,语言能力已与增强雌激素如,雌二醇)和孕酮18。如皮质醇压力的生理标志物,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴被发现在人类12-16,19-21。当的情况下被认为是无法控制的,皮质醇水平升高19,并可能导致在个体的不同反应。最近的工作已经开始使用激素来研究学术成果的情绪,虽然在这一点上是非常有限的20,22。

<p class="“jove_content”">研究对理解通过测量在教育生理觉醒情感精神生理学反应已经用皮肤电反应(GSR)。 GSR是微观的汗液从皮肤分泌的一种措施,涉及自主神经系统(ANS)。当一个人变得紧张或焦虑有关任务,手心出汗变。因此,情绪调节和认知过程,其他脑功能中,可以影响出汗的控制。该系统的多个激活即,高应力,认知负荷或强烈的情绪反应),导致更多的汗腺分泌比低激活状态( ,厌倦,低认知负荷)。如汗液分泌波动,皮肤的电导率变化。因此,GSR被广泛认为是用于定量应力水平或认知负荷的代理。 GSR通常是由含电极乐队所有与手,腕,或脚接触,并且最近测量教室设置22,23使用,由于其成本低,可行性比较可用的神经影像学技术7。与唾液生物标志物皮肤电反应的组合将允许对学生对课堂活动接近实时的更全面的评估。

这里讨论该协议将有助于结合教育和生理技术,建立了一种方法来教育研究者了解学生的表现和应对课堂活动例如,考试)。虽然工作不会着重了解情绪和生理和生物结构之间的基本连接,这协议是一个起点,帮助研究人员在该方向移动。该协议将涵盖方法考试活动期间测量唾液生物标志物和皮肤电反应和比较免受自我报告中获得的信息ð采访。对于这项工作,工程考试,学生被选中,由于纪律1,6和概念的困难和复杂性,这可能点燃参与者认知和情绪反应。

Protocol

对人类受试者的研究程序已经批准了机构审查委员会(IRB),犹他州立大学。应注意的IRB过程由主办机构和考虑有关保护人类受试者应在事前,事中批准,该协议的任何方面的表现之后。根据IRB规定,在数据收集和分析过程中外部各方或企业的参与必须遵循正确的协议去标识与会者信息和保护数据的机密性。 1.参与者和活动,测试的选择选择参加学生在学期或所需的?…

Representative Results

此部分示出了可以从每个度量中获得的结果的代表性例子,包括自我报告。附图的目的是为了从一教室事件获得的信息的更大的光谱呈现的增加措施,诸如唾液的生物标志物(图1)和皮肤电反应( 图2),以自我报告(图3)的效用(例如,考试)。为与特定措施自我报告(例如,皮肤电反应)三角测量,附加的技术如访…

Discussion

本协议描述的整合自我报告的调查和查询,唾液生物标志物和皮肤电反应的研究实验室会议期间课堂活动的个体差异。该协议有寻求找出学习成绩情绪,情绪调节和情感反应,以不同的活动在教学环境,特别是在评估期间的研究人员很多优点例如,考试)。而传统上,自我报告和学术成绩已被用来了解学生如何发展在课堂上和/或参与到课程的能力,我们的方法能更全面地在学术活动代表…

Açıklamalar

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

Maria Manuela Valladares is supported by a Utah State University Research Catalyst SEED Grant attained from Idalis Villanueva.

Materials

Salivary Kit ZRT Laboratories Female/Male Saliva Profile I   An account needs to be created with the company before sending samples; diurnal samples are recommended for this protocol
Galvanic Skin Response Wrist Sensor and Band Empatica, Inc. E3P.v4 M/L fits for the majority of the population although you may need to purchase a smaller size for thin wrists
E-Prime Software Psychology Software Tools E-Prime 2.0 Professional Consider time stamping separately from software

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Bu Makaleden Alıntı Yapın
Villanueva, I., Valladares, M., Goodridge, W. Use of Galvanic Skin Responses, Salivary Biomarkers, and Self-reports to Assess Undergraduate Student Performance During a Laboratory Exam Activity. J. Vis. Exp. (108), e53255, doi:10.3791/53255 (2016).

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