Hypothesis testing begins with stating at least two contrasting statements of a claim about a population characteristic. Consider an example of studying the proportion of healthy and scabbed apples from a cultivar. To test this, we may begin by stating that 'the cultivar produces an equal number of healthy and scabbed apples.' This statement is the null hypothesis, denoted as H0, and is represented as follows. Alternatively, the statement that 'the cultivar produces a different proportion of the healthy and scabbed apples' has an opposite viewpoint than the previous one. This statement is the alternative hypothesis, denoted as H1, and is represented as follows. An alternative hypothesis should not state that the parameter value equals an exact number or a predetermined fixed value. For instance, 'proportion of scabbed apples harvested from the cultivar is 0.2' is not an appropriate alternative hypothesis as one may get that exact value of proportion just by chance alone but may not get enough data to support the claim of proportion being precisely 0.2.