Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large …
The high speed of electrical signals results from the fact that the force between charges acts rapidly at a distance. Thus, when a free charge is forced …
The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, …
When a voltage is applied to a conductor, an electrical field is generated, and charges in the conductor feel the force due to the electrical field. The …
When a current moves through any conductor, the conductor causes some level of difficulty for the current to flow. The measure of that difficulty is known …
Using electric appliances for a longer period of time consumes more electrical energy and results in a higher electric bill. The energy produced by the …
The total amount of current flowing per unit cross-sectional area is called the current density. Hence, the current passing through a cross-sectional area …
In perfect conductors, the electric field inside is always zero due to the abundance of free electrons, which nullify any field by flowing. As a result, …
The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the …
Electric fields, generated by active transport of ions, are present in many biological systems and often serve important functions in tissues and organs. …
Electrokinetic techniques are a staple of microscale applications because of their unique ability to perform a variety of fluidic and electrophoretic …
Electric fields (EFs) and magnetic fields (MFs) have been widely used by tissue engineering to improve cell dynamics such as proliferation, migration, …