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Chapter 17

Chapter 17

Sound

Sound waves can be thought of as fluctuations in the pressure of a medium through which they propagate. Since the pressure also makes the medium's …
The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different …
Most solids and liquids are incompressible—their densities remain constant throughout. In the presence of an external force, the molecules tend to …
The speed of sound in a gaseous medium depends on various factors. Since gases constitute molecules that are free to move, they are highly compressible. …
The loudness of a sound source is related to how energetically the source is vibrating, consequently making the molecules of the propagation medium …
Humans perceive sound by hearing. The human ear helps sound waves reach the brain, which then interprets the waves and creates the perception of hearing. …
Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure …
Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical …
The Doppler effect and Doppler shift were named after the Austrian physicist and mathematician Christian Johann Doppler in 1842, who conducted experiments …
The Doppler effect has several practical, real-world applications. For instance, meteorologists use Doppler radars to interpret weather events based on …
While deriving the Doppler formula for the observed frequency of a sound wave, it is assumed that the speed of sound in the medium is greater than the …
Sound waves, which are longitudinal waves, can be modeled as the displacement amplitude varying as a function of the spatial and temporal coordinates. As …
As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant …
The intensity of sound waves can be related to displacement and pressure amplitudes by using their wave expressions and the definition of intensity. The …
Consider two sources of sound, that may or may not be in phase, emitting waves at a single frequency, and consider the frequencies to be the same. Two …
The study of music provides many examples of the superposition of waves and the constructive and destructive interference that occurs. Very few examples …
The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More …
Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can be used to drive liquids in portable microfluidic chips via the acoustic counterflow phenomenon. In this video we …
A growing number of electrochemical technologies depend on fluid flow, and often that fluid is opaque. Measuring the flow of an opaque fluid is inherently …
By focusing low-intensity ultrasound pulses that penetrate soft tissues, LIPUS represents a promising biomedical technology to remotely and safely …