염증 부위에서 이펙터 CD4 T 세포의 삽입 운동을 제어하는 메카니즘은 상대적으로 알려져 있지 않다. 우리는 시각화 현장에서 이러한 세포의 동적 거동의 연구를 허용 염증 귀 진피의 시험 관내 -primed CD4 T 세포에서 조작하는 비 침습적 방법을 제시한다.
이펙터 기능을 수행하는 CD4 T 세포의 능력은 같은 아직 정의되지 않은 메카니즘을 통해 염증 말초 조직에서 이들 세포를 신속하고 효율적인 이동에 의존한다. 면역계 연구에 다 광자 현미경의 적용은 그대로 조직 내 면역 반응의 동역학을 측정하는 도구를 제공한다. 여기에서 우리는 염증 마우스 귀 진피에 CD4 T 세포의 비 침습적 생체 내에 광자 이미징을위한 프로토콜을 제시한다. 맞춤 이미징 플랫폼을 이용하여 정맥 카테터 운동성에 관여하는 중요한 분자 성분에 대한 항체를 차단의 추가를 통해 실시간으로 이러한 세포를 심문하는 기능, 진피 간질에서 CD4 T 세포 역학 시각화 가능하다. 이 시스템은 체외 모델과 외과 적 침습 이미징 절차 둘다 장점을 제공한다. 운동에 대한 CD4 T 세포에 의해 사용되는 경로를 이해하는 것은 궁극적으로 BASI에 대한 통찰력을 제공 할 수있다C의 CD4 T 세포의 기능뿐만 아니라 만성 감염에서 양자 면역 질환의 발병 기전 및 병리.
The effector function of CD4 T cells is critically dependent on their ability to rapidly enter and traverse a wide variety of peripheral tissues to survey for damage, locate foci of infection, or cause pathology from chronic infection or autoimmunity. While the processes of homing to inflamed sites1-4 and extravasation5-7 from the vasculature into tissues have been well-characterized, the factors that drive and regulate the interstitial motility of T cells remain undefined. The migration of T cells in complex 3D environments has been studied in vitro through the use of artificial matrices8-10 or microfluidic devices11,12, but these fail to recapitulate the complex and dynamic environment of an in vivo system. It is only recently, with the advent of high-resolution multi-color intravital imaging that it has become possible to study the dynamic behavior of immune cells in situ, allowing for a better understanding of intact immune responses.
Over a decade ago, several influential studies were published that first utilized multiphoton microscopy to address immunological questions. Early studies focused on the behavior of immune cells within explanted lymphoid organs13-16, which were soon followed by techniques to image exposed lymph nodes in anesthetized mice17. Imaging allowed for new fundamental observations about the stages of lymph node priming of T cells18, the mechanisms by which T cells migrate in secondary lymphoid organs19, T cell interactions with other immune cells20,21, and dynamic T cell positioning within the lymph node22. Although many early studies focused on lymph node dynamics, intravital imaging has been since been utilized to image the immune response in many peripheral tissues, including the brain23-25, liver26, lung27, and skin28-30.
The mouse ear dermis is particularly well poised for imaging, due to the thinness of ear skin, a relative lack of hair, and the ease with which it can be isolated from respiratory movements31. Indeed, the ear dermis has been used to image the interstitial behavior of dendritic cells32,33, T cells28,29,34,35, and neutrophils36,37, and is a well-established site for studying dermal inflammation. Increasingly, non-invasive procedures have been replacing surgical preparations of the skin, including split dermis38,39, flank39,40, or dorsal skin flap window39,41 models, that can induce changes to the local inflammatory milieu. The use of transferred, in vitro-primed, antigen-specific CD4 effector T cells allows for the study of a homogenous population of cells in the context of a dermal inflammatory response30. Here we describe a non-invasive imaging procedure that allows for the visualization of antigen-specific effector CD4 T cells in the dermal interstitium of the inflamed mouse ear, and the ability to manipulate these cells in real-time by introducing blocking antibodies through a venous catheter. We show that this model is effective for tracking the movement of CD4 T cells in the dermis and for querying the mechanisms that govern this motility.
의미
여기에서 우리는 그대로 마우스 귀 진피에 전달, 항원 특이 이펙터 Th1 세포의 4D 시각화를위한 완벽한 프로토콜을 제시한다. 이 방법은 여러 가지 이유로 몇몇 현재 영상 방식에 비해 많은 장점을 제공한다. 복부 귀 진피 촬상함으로써 다른 피부 부위를 포함하는 촬상 프로토콜이 필요 제모를 포기 할 수있다. 제모 일반적으로 온화하지만, 이들은 피부 장벽 (42…
The authors have nothing to disclose.
저자는 라이브 영상에 대한 도움말은 로체스터 다중 광자 현미경의 핵심 시설의 대학 감사합니다. DJF에 NIH AI072690 및 AI02851에서 지원; MGO에 AG 및 AI089079에 AI114036.
BALB/c mice | Jackson Laboratories | 000651 | Mice used were bred in-house |
DO11.10 mice | Jackson Laboratories | 003303 | Mice used were bred in-house |
HBSS | Fisher | 10-013-CV | Multiple Equivalent |
Newborn Calf Serum (NCS) | Thermo/HyClone | SH30118.03 | Heat inactivated at 56 °C for 30 minutes |
Guinea Pig Complement | Cedarlane | CL-5000 | |
anti-CD8 antibody | ATCC | 3.155 (ATCC TIB-211) | Antibodies derived from this hybridoma |
anti-MHC Class II antibody | ATCC | M5/114.15.2 (ATCC TIB-120) | Antibodies derived from this hybridoma |
anti-CD24 antibody | ATCC | J11d.2 (ATCC TIB-183) | Antibodies derived from this hybridoma |
anti-Thy1.2 antibody | ATCC | J1j.10 (ATCC TIB-184) | Antibodies derived from this hybridoma |
Ficoll (Fico/Lite-LM) | Atlanta Biologicals | I40650 | |
PBS | Fisher | 21-040-CV | Multiple Equivalent |
EDTA | Fisher | 15323591 | |
biotinylated anti-CD62L antibody (clone MEL-14) | BD | 553149 | |
streptavidin magnetic separation beads | Miltenyi | 130-048-101 | |
MACS LS Separation Column | Miltenyi | 130-042-401 | |
recombinant human IL-2 | Peprotech | 200-02 | |
recombinant mouse IL-4 | Peprotech | 214-14 | |
recombinant mouse IL-12 | Peprotech | 210-12 | |
anti-IFNg antibody (clone XMG 1.2) | eBioscience | 16-7311-85 | |
anti-IL-4 antibody (clone 11b11) | eBioscience | 16-7041-85 | |
RPMI | VWR | 45000-412 | |
Penicillin/Streptomycin | Fisher | 15303641 | |
L-glutamine | Fisher | 15323671 | |
2-mercaptoethanol | Bio-Rad | 161-0710 | |
ovalbumin peptide | Biopeptide | ISQAVHAAHAEINEAGR-OH peptide | |
Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) | Thermo/HyClone | SV30014.03 | Heat inactivated at 56 °C for 30 minutes |
24-well culture plate | LPS | 3526 | Multiple Equivalent |
CFSE | Life Technologies | C34554 | |
CMTMR | Life Technologies | C2927 | |
28 G1/2 insulin syringes, 1ml | BD | 329420 | |
28 G1/2 insulin syringes, 300μl | BD | 309301 | |
27 G1/2 TB syringes, 1ml | BD | 309623 | |
30 G1/2 needles | BD | 305106 | |
PE-10 medical tubing | BD | 427400 | |
cyanoacrylate veterinary adhesive (Vetbond) | 3M | 1469SB | |
heating plate | WPI | 61830 | |
Heating plate controller | WPI | ATC-2000 | |
Water blanket controller | Gaymar | TP500 | No longer in production, newer equivalent available |
water blanket | Kent Scientific | TP3E | |
Isoflurane vaporizer | LEI Medical | Isotec 4 | No longer in production, newer equivalent available |
isoflurane | Henry Schein | Ordered through Veterinary staff | |
microcentrifuge tubes | VWR | 20170-038 | Multiple Equivalent |
medical tape | 3M | 1538-0 | |
isoflurane nosecone | Built In-house, see Fig 2 | ||
imaging platform | Built In-house, see Fig 2 | ||
curved forceps | WPI | 15915-G | Multiple Equivalent |
scissors | Roboz | RS-6802 | Multiple Equivalent |
glass coverslips | VWR | Multiple Equivalent | |
high vacuum grease | Fisher | 146355D | |
cotton swabs | Multiple Equivalent | ||
delicate task wipes | Fisher | 34155 | Multiple Equivalent |
Olympus Fluoview 1000 AOM-MPM upright microscope with Spectra-Physics MaiTai HP DeepSee Ti:Sa laser | Olympus | call for quote | |
optical table with vibration control | Newport | call for quote | |
25x NA 1.05 water immersion objective for multiphoton imaging | Olympus | XLPLN25XWMP2 | |
objective heater | Bioptechs | PN 150815 | |
Detection filter cube | Olympus | FV10-MRVGR/XR | Proprietary cube, can be approximated from individual filters/dichroics |
anti-integrin β1 antibody (clone hMb1-1) | eBioscience | 16-0291-85 | Azide free, low endotoxin |
anti-integrin β3 antibody (clone 2C9.G3) | eBioscience | 16-0611-82 | Azide free, low endotoxin |
Texas Red Dextran (70,000 MW) | Life Technologies | D-1830 |