我们提出了一个新颖的方法,量化动态,实时活体成像人类禽流感的胚胎模型裸鼠肿瘤血管中的纳米粒子本地化。
如超声,MRI,PET和CT肿瘤显像,目前的技 术无法产生高清晰度的图像,为在微观层面 1,2,3的评估在肿瘤纳米粒子吸收,突出一个合适的移植瘤模型的效用其中,进行详细的摄取分析。在这里,我们使用了高分辨率的活体成像技术来评估纳米粒子吸收在修改过的,无壳鸡胚模型人类肿瘤异种移植。鸡胚模型是特别好,适合在体内的分析,因为它支持的人类肿瘤的生长,是价格相对低廉的,不需要麻醉或手术 4,5这些。肿瘤细胞内形成7天完全吻合血管的移植瘤的植入绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)6 。由此产生的肿瘤,可以保持长达72小时与主机或肿瘤系统的影响不大的非侵入性的实时,高清晰度成像的可视化。与远端肿瘤的大小和管理配方广泛的纳米粒子可以被可视化和量化,因为他们通过血液流动,从漏肿瘤血管中渗出,并会积聚在肿瘤部位。我们在这里描述的豇豆花叶病毒(CPMV)与近红外荧光染料和/或聚合物聚乙二醇(PEG)的7,8,9,10,11装饰所得的纳米粒子的分析。静脉给药后,这些病毒的纳米粒子迅速内由内皮细胞,导致全球标签和两个外血管内的肿瘤7,12。病毒的纳米粒子的聚乙二醇化增加了他们的血浆半衰期,延长其在流通中的时间,并最终增强了通过增强通透性和保留 (EPR)的影响,10,11肿瘤的积累。纳米粒子在肿瘤积累的速度和程度是衡量随着时间的推移,使用图像分析软件。这种技术提供了一种方法来可视化和量化在人类肿瘤的纳米粒子动力学。
禽流胚胎绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)是一个有用的模型,以评估血管动力学和人类肿瘤的药代动力学。 CAM的结构和位置,让高品质的图像采集和容纳多种癌裸鼠移植瘤无侵入性外科手术。此外,癌症肿瘤异种移植植入成为7天之内,带血管的绒毛尿囊膜,提供了一种快速,廉价和半高通量的手段来评估纳米粒子在肿瘤组织中的积累。由于植入癌裸鼠移植瘤在无壳鸡胚CAM是一个堂堂正正的epifluorescence或共聚焦显微镜,纳米粒子在肿瘤血管吸收的背景和时间信息的高清晰度光学的,可以很容易地获得。在此模型中的肿瘤异种移植物往往生长横向跨越CAM,造成大的肿瘤,而其余的在深度小于200米。这使得它们特别适合活体成像,因为标准epifluorescence的显微镜可以有效地渗透到整个肿块。相比之下,要么肤浅或原位网站中植入肿瘤内鼠标在三维空间中扩散,使得很难准确的本地化深纳米粒子在这些肿瘤的非侵入性技术。我们利用这个模型来评估吸收的量子点,脂质体和铁的氧化物纳米粒子在人类肿瘤异种移植的数量,突出了这种模式的潜力,适合在体内广泛的纳米粒子配方分析。
The authors have nothing to disclose.
这项研究是由CCSRI格兰特#700537和#84535 JDL和NIH / NCI授予#CA120711 – 01A1和CA120711 – 01A1对AZ CIHR格兰特支持。所有实验均在依照法规和准则的体制动物保健和使用在加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校,动物保健大学的委员会,并使用在加拿大西安大略大学。
Reagent Name/Equipment | Company | Catalogue Number | Comments |
---|---|---|---|
Fertilized leghorn eggs | Frey`s Hatchery, St. Jacobs | N/A | |
Dremel rotary tool | Dremel | Can used any model | |
Dremel cutoff wheels no. 36 | Dremel | 409 | |
Sportsman hatcher | Berry Hill | 1550HA | |
Sportsman incubator | Berry Hill | 1502EA | |
Ethanol | 70% (vol/vol) | ||
Polystyrene weigh boats | VWR | 12577-01 | |
Square Petri dishes | Simport, VWR | 25378-115 | |
Rubbermaid rubber container with lid | Guillevin | RH3-228-00-BLU | holes drilled into sides |
Vertical pipette puller | David Kopf Instruments | model 720 | Settings: 16.3 (heater) and 2.3 (solenoid) |
Sodium borosilicate glass capillary tubes |
Sutter Instrument | BF100-58-10 | (OD, 1.0 mm; ID 0.58 mm; 10-cm length) |
1X Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) | Invitrogen | 11995073 | |
Dulbecco’s | Invitrogen | 14190250 | pH 7.4 |
Phosphate-Buffered Saline (D-PBS) (1X), liquid | |||
Trypsin, 0.05% (1X) with EDTA 4Na, liquid | Invitrogen | 25300054 | |
Fetal Bovine Serum | Invitrogen | 12483-020 | Heat inactivate |
Hemocytometer | Hausser Scientific, VWR | 15170-090 | |
Centrifuge | Eppendorf model 5810R | 5811 000.010 | |
Fine-point forceps | VWR | 25607-856 | |
Tygon R-3603 tubing | VWR | 63009-983 | 50 ft (1/32-inch inner diameter, 3/32-inch outer diameter, 1/32-inch wall thickness |
Hypodermic needles for injections 18-gauge needles | BD | 305195 | Box of 100 |
1 ml syringes for injections | BD | 309602 | Box of 100 |
Fiber-optic microscope illuminator | Amscope | HL250-AY | 150W |
kimwipes | VWR | 10805-905 | |
V. unguiculata seeds (California black-eye no. 5) | Burpee | 51771A | |
Indoor growth lights | SunLite, Gardener’s Supply | ||
Methyl-PEO4-NHS ester | Pierce | PI22341 | |
mPEG-NHS, PEG succinimidyl ester, MW 2000 | NANOCS | PEG1-0002 | |
Alexa Fluor 647 carboxylic acid (succinimidyl ester) | Invitrogen | A20006 | |
Oregon Green 488 succinimidyl ester * 6-isomer * | Invitrogen | O-6149 | |
Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) | Sigma | D8418 | |
Dibasic monohydrogen phosphate | Sigma | 379980 | K2HPO4 (for phopshate buffer) |
Monobasic dihydrogen phosphate | P5655 | KH2PO4 (for phopshate buffer) | |
Superose 6 size-exclusion column | GE healthcare life sciences | 17-0673-01 | |
ÄKTA Explorer 100 Chromatograph | GE Amersham Pharmacia | WS-AKTA100 | |
ÄKTA high flow kit | GE healthcare life sciences | 18-1154-85 | |
Sucrose | Sigma | S0389 | |
Ultracentrifuge | Beckman | ||
SW 28 Ti rotor | Beckman | 342204 | Swing bucket |
50.2 Ti rotor | Beckman | 337901 | Fixed angle |
Amicon Ultra-15 Centrifugal Filter Units | Millipore | UFC910008 | 100 kDa cut off |
Gradient former | Biorad | ||
dextran, fluorescein, 70,000 MW, anionic | Invitrogen | D1823 | |
Spinning disk confocal fluorescence microscope | Quorum; Yokogawa CSU 10, Yokogawa |
N/A | |
Epifluorescence wide-field microscope | Quorum; Zeiss Axio Examiner, Zeiss | N/A | |
Hamamatsu ImagEM 9100-12 EM-CCD camera | Quorum; Hamamatsu | N/A | |
Temperature enclosure unit for microscope | Precision Plastics | N/A | |
Vacuum grease | VWR | 59344-055 | |
Circular glass coverslips no. 1 (18 mm) | VWR | 16004-300 | |
Volocity software | Perkin Elmer | ||
Chick embryo enclosure | custom fabricated | ||
Delicate scissors | VWR | 25608-203 | |
Formalin | Bioshop | FOR201.500 | Use in fumehood |
Optimal Cutting | Fisher; Tissue Tek | 1437365 | |
Temperature (OCT) | |||
Plastic moulds | Fisher | 22-038217 | |
VWR VistaVision HistoBond Adhesive Slides | VWR | 16004-406 | |
Prolong gold with DAPI | Invitrogen | P36931 | |
Disposable blades for cryostat | Fisher | 12-634-2 | |
Cryostat | Leica CM 3050 S | 14047033518 |