Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Behavior includes all directly observable actions, from verbal communication to non-verbal gestures. Likewise, mental processes include thoughts and emotions that drive these behaviors. For example, if an individual hugs a friend, the mental process might involve a feeling of happiness after seeing the friend and deciding to show affection. Psychology goes beyond the basic views, seeking to provide a more accurate understanding of human behavior and associated mental processes. It challenges notions like naive realism or the belief that the world is exactly as it appears. For instance, a person may think the earth is flat or mistake a rope for a snake without any logical interpretation. Psychology spans several sub-disciplines, such as Clinical Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology, and Biopsychology. Psychology aims to understand the mind and behavior through biological, social, and environmental factors and applies this knowledge to enhance individual and societal well-being.