A signaling cascade is a sequence of events that transfers information within or between cells, resulting in a response in the target cell.
Hormones are …
Water-soluble hormones cannot move across the plasma membrane, so they use protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling …
The pituitary gland is a small endocrine organ located in the sphenoid bone under the hypothalamus.
Primarily, the pituitary in adults has two distinct …
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland. It covers the anterior surface of the trachea in the neck region.
It has two lateral lobes connected …
Adrenal gland disorders occur when the concentration of adrenal hormones produced is too high or too low.
Adrenal insufficiency occurs when the adrenal …
The gonads, the testes in males, and the ovaries in females produce gonadal hormones.
Testosterone is the primary male gonadal androgen. It is responsible …
The pancreas is a glandular organ in the abdominal cavity that is part of the digestive and endocrine systems. It consists of exocrine and endocrine cells …
The pancreatic hormones glucagon and insulin regulate blood glucose levels.
Between meals or during fasting, the blood glucose levels drop, triggering the …
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or …
In Type 2 or insulin-independent diabetes, the insulin receptors on the cells stop responding to insulin, developing resistance to insulin functions. This …
Immunofluorescence is a well-established technique for detection of antigens in tissues with the employment of fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies and has …
Immunohistochemistry is the most commonly used method for the identification and visualization of tissue antigens in biological research and clinical …
