Patient-specific models improve surgeon and fellow confidence when developing or learning surgical plans. Three-dimensional (3D) printers generate adequate detail for surgical preparation, but fail to replicate tissue haptic fidelity. A protocol is presented detailing the creation of patient-specific, silicone cardiac models, combining 3D printing precision with simulated silicone tissue.
Mattus, M. S., Ralph, T. B., Keller, S. M. P., Waltz, A. L., Bramlet, M. T. Creation of Patient-Specific Silicone Cardiac Models with Applications in Pre-surgical Plans and Hands-on Training. J. Vis. Exp. (180), e62805, doi:10.3791/62805 (2022).