12.4: Bradycardia
Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with bradycardia being more common in older individuals. Those with a history of high blood pressure or an underactive thyroid gland also have an increased susceptibility to this condition.
Various underlying factors can trigger bradycardia, including sleep apnea, low body temperature, poor oxygenation, pain, and certain medications such as calcium channel blockers. Vigorous physical exercise can also induce bradycardia, especially in well-conditioned athletes.
The impact of these contributing factors extends beyond bradycardia, influencing the heart's rhythm and potentially leading to arrhythmias. Arrhythmias, characterized by irregular heartbeats, can pose additional health risks and complications. As such, a comprehensive evaluation by healthcare professionals is essential for individuals experiencing symptoms or possessing risk factors.
The management of bradycardia focuses on identifying and addressing underlying causes. It may involve adjusting medications, managing medical conditions, and making lifestyle modifications such as exercise recommendations and avoiding triggers.
In severe cases, pacemaker implantation regulates the heart's rhythm. Regular monitoring through follow-up appointments and Holter monitoring is crucial to ensure the effectiveness of interventions.
Patient education is vital in recognizing symptoms and adhering to medical advice. Emphasizing individualized care and fostering effective communication between patients and care providers are essential for successful bradycardia management.
