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Chapter 16

酸碱和溶解度平衡

Chapter 16

Acid-base and Solubility Equilibria

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of …
A solution containing appreciable amounts of a weak conjugate acid-base pair is called a buffer solution, or a buffer. Buffer solutions resist a change in …
The ionization-constant expression for a solution of a weak acid can be written as: Rearranging to solve for [H3O+] yields: Taking the negative …
A buffer can prevent a sudden drop or increase in the pH of a solution after the addition of a strong acid or base up to its buffering capacity; however, …
Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH …
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Strong Acid/Strong Base A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a …
Calculating pH for Titration Solutions: Weak Acid/Strong Base For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be …
Certain organic substances change color in dilute solution when the hydronium ion concentration reaches a particular value. For example, phenolphthalein …
A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process.  If the acid dissociation constants of the …
Solubility equilibria are established when the dissolution and precipitation of a solute species occur at equal rates. These equilibria underlie many …
Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of …
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition …
Predicting Precipitation The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is: It is important to realize …
For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a …
A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to …
The development of fluorescent indicators represented a revolution for life sciences. Genetically encoded and synthetic fluorophores with sensing …
A simple and effective method for selective sulfate separation from aqueous solutions by crystallization with a bis-guanidinium ligand, …
We present the synthesis of (2,3-dimethylbutyl)(2,4,4'-trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid as an example to demonstrate a method for the synthesis of high …