Summary

内镜下鼻跨蝶入路: 垂体腺瘤的微创手术

Published: January 17, 2018
doi:

Summary

本文的目的是描述内镜鼻方法对蝶鞍鞍的不同步骤。

Abstract

内窥镜下鼻跨蝶手术已成为手术治疗垂体腺瘤和许多其他垂体病变的金标准。外科技术的改进, 技术的进步, 以及神经导航的融合使这项手术微创。这一手术的并发症率很低, 而通过这种方法获得的优异结果始终如一。

本文着重介绍了基于个人经验的垂体腺瘤的 step-by 步手术方法, 并详细介绍了这种微创手术所取得的结果。

Introduction

采用内窥镜技术的颅底手术已明显改善的结果, 颅底手术本身使用或作为辅助的标准显微外科方法。内镜下鼻方法最初介绍治疗鞍区病变1, 但在过去20年中, 这项技术的应用已经扩大, 得益于重大的技术改进和增加的手术经验.内镜下的方法现在也用于前和前侧颅底的病变, 通过延长中线和旁的方法。从前颅底到齿状突的方法现在安全地在许多专门的中心执行, 并取得满意的结果2,3,4,5

事实上, 内窥镜允许直接可视化病灶通过自然通路, 而不跨越重要的神经血管结构。多项评价对传统 microscope-based 方法的内镜检查程序的安全性和相对优势进行了维持, 并确认主要结局, 如肿瘤切除的程度和激素水平的变化不两种方法不同。然而, 神经并发症, 手术时间和住院长度, 以及病人的术后不适, 明显低于内镜方法6。根据一项挑衅性的出版物, 即使是经验不足的外科医生也可能会在功能垂体腺瘤的队列中使用显微镜技术作为一名非常有经验的外科医生, 获得一个类似的结果.7

内镜下鼻跨蝶方法实际上是广泛推荐的鞍区病变, 即使在海绵窦侵袭或鞍延长的情况下。如果鞍扩展非常重要, 则可以执行完全内窥的两阶段过程, 同时等待残滓的自然下降8。如果膜片非常紧 (“腰部标志”), 可以执行经颅的方法来解决鞍组件9。关于海绵窦的侵袭, 内窥镜技术似乎优于 Knosp 级2和3功能垂体腺瘤的显微技术10, 而内镜鼻检查可有助于检测侵入海绵窦11

可能阻碍内镜根治性切除的因素有: 肿瘤延伸到床内动脉, 或 “接吻动脉”, 不对称的额延伸, 肿瘤到达 Monro 的孔, 或纤维侵袭周围脑实质的肿瘤9。在这些复杂的病例中, 可以向患者提出经颅结合的方法。此外, 蝶窦的气化是决定手术可行性的一个重要因素, 因为孔沙尔型鼻窦使内窥镜方法更具挑战性12

通过他们的个人经验约500内镜鼻方法垂体腺瘤, 作者这里描述的不同阶段的方法垂体肿瘤。手术可分为三主要步骤: 鼻, 蝶, 和鞍期。它们是通过完全内镜手术进行的。这里所描述的队列包括微或巨腺瘤的患者, 有一个可变延伸到海绵窦, 蝶窦, 或鞍空间。包括功能和功能腺瘤。

对于其他各种病变, 如咽、垂体转移、斜坡脊索或石油斜坡脑膜瘤, 也可进行全内窥镜手术。然而, 这些病症往往需要更广泛的方法和描述这些变种超出了本文的目的。

指示

这里描述的程序是垂体腺瘤 (功能或功能)。鞍延长不是手术的禁忌, 也不是扩张或侵入海绵窦。情景 CT 扫描分析蝶窦的气化和蝶窦的内隔膜方向。同时, 视神经和颈内动脉的定位是规划手术策略的重要因素。

这种手术技术也可以用于其他肿瘤位于鞍区像咽13, 症状拉特克的裂囊肿, 垂体转移瘤14, 或淋巴瘤15。此外, 其他病变可通过内镜的方法, 如鞍膜脑膜瘤或蝶平原, 石油斜坡区的脑膜瘤和斜坡脊索5,16, 和表皮样或prepontine 池的皮样囊肿。然而, 在这些情况下, 必须采取更广泛的办法。

Protocol

这里的议定书说明了在洛桑大学医院的人类研究伦理委员会的指导方针。 注意: 这里解释的过程集中于对垂体腺瘤进行的经典方法。 1. 术前协议 系统地进行前颅面 CT 扫描和 MRI, 以及内分泌和眼科评估。 2. 定位和麻醉 诱导全身麻醉并进行口气插管。 将病人置于全身麻醉和口气插管后的仰卧位。 将?…

Representative Results

自2009年以来, 我们的垂体计划已经发展到一个地步, 一个完整的内镜鼻方法已被用于治疗垂体肿瘤的良好术后结果。从2009年到 2016, 两名高级外科医生 (RTD 和 MM) 通过全内窥镜技术对473例垂体腺瘤患者进行手术。组织学在表 1中详细说明: 这些病例中大多数是功能垂体腺瘤 (57%)(图 1), 其次是生长激素 (GH) 分泌腺瘤 (图 4…

Discussion

对于大多数垂体肿瘤, 手术仍然是一线治疗的情况下症状患者19,20。仅对泌乳素分泌腺瘤, 第一行治疗是多巴胺激动剂和手术选择次要时, 医疗治疗失败21

自从在1990代初的22,23中, 内窥镜在颅底手术领域中的引入, 这项技术在大多数医学中心都得到了普遍的应用<sup class="xr…

Disclosures

The authors have nothing to disclose.

Acknowledgements

我们要感谢内分泌科和手术室小组在这些病人的管理方面给予他们的帮助和支持。我们没有这项工作的资金来源, 也没有利益冲突。

Materials

The StealthStation surgical navigation system Medtronic ENT Fusion Software 9733652
4-mm 18cm 0° rigid endoscope Karl Storz 28132AA
4-mm 18cm 30° rigid endoscope Karl Storz 28132BVA
4-mm 18cm 45° rigid endoscope Karl Storz 28132FVA
Suction Tube Karl Storz 28164XA
Coagulation Cannulas Karl Storz 28164MXB
Bipolar Forceps Karl Storz 28164BDB
Kerrison Bone Punches Karl Storz 28164MKA
Kerrison Bone Punches Karl Storz 28164MKB
Kerrison Bone Punches Karl Storz 28164MKC
Ring Curettes Karl Storz 28164RN
Ring Curettes Karl Storz 28164RO
Ring Curettes Karl Storz 28164RI
Ring Curettes Karl Storz 28164RG
Ring Curettes Karl Storz 28164GLL
Ring Curettes Karl Storz 28164GLR
de DIVITIS-CAPPABIANCA Scalpels Karl Storz 28164M
Forceps Karl Storz 28164TD
High-speed drill Midas Rex Medtronic 1898430
Hemostatic agent Floseal, Baxter 1503350
Fibrin sealant Tisseel, Baxter 600065
CT Lightspeed GE medical systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA
Carestream Vue PACS Carestream Health, Rochester, NY, USA
3-Tesla Siemens Tim Trio scanner Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany

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Cite This Article
Messerer, M., Cossu, G., George, M., Daniel, R. T. Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas. J. Vis. Exp. (131), e55896, doi:10.3791/55896 (2018).

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