This article presents a total internal reflection absorption spectroscopy (TIRAS) method for measuring short-lived free radicals at a plasma-liquid interface. In particular, TIRAS is used to identify solvated electrons based on their optical absorbance of red light near 700 nm.
Delgado, H. E., Rumbach, P., Bartels, D. M., Go, D. B. Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (TIRAS) for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface. J. Vis. Exp. (131), e56833, doi:10.3791/56833 (2018).