A purificação Protocolo Tailored HPLC que os rendimentos de alta pureza beta-amilóide 42 e beta-amilóide 40 Peptides, capaz de Formação Olig�ero
概要
Herein we report a tailored HPLC purification protocol that yields high-purity amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and amyloid beta 40 (Aβ40) peptides, capable of oligomer formation. Amyloid beta is a highly aggregation prone, hydrophobic peptide implicated in Alzheimer's disease. The amyloidogenic nature of the peptide makes its purification a challenge.
Abstract
Amyloidogenic peptides such as the Alzheimer’s disease-implicated Amyloid beta (Aβ), can present a significant challenge when trying to obtain high purity material. Here we present a tailored HPLC purification protocol to produce high-purity amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) and amyloid beta 40 (Aβ40) peptides. We have found that the combination of commercially available hydrophobic poly(styrene/divinylbenzene) stationary phase, polymer laboratory reverse phase – styrenedivinylbenzene (PLRP-S) under high pH conditions, enables the attainment of high purity (>95%) Aβ42 in a single chromatographic run. The purification is highly reproducible and can be amended to both semi-preparative and analytical conditions depending upon the amount of material wished to be purified. The protocol can also be applied to the Aβ40 peptide with identical success and without the need to alter the method.
Introduction
A doença de Alzheimer é uma doença neurodegenerativa que os efeitos de mais de 35 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo. 1 Implicado fortemente no início e desenvolvimento da doença, é altamente propensos a agregação, peptídeo hidrofóbico beta-amilóide (Ap). Ap 2 varia de 36 a 43 aminoácidos de comprimento, no entanto, pensa-se que o 42-amino ácido variante, beta amilóide 42 (Aβ42), é a forma mais tóxica da proteína. 3 Isto é devido em grande parte à capacidade de Aβ42 para formar prontamente difus�eis, espécies oligoméricas que se acredita ser entidades particularmente neurotóxicos. 4 A fim de promover nossa compreensão do peptídeo Aâ, é essencial para obter rotineiramente material de alta pureza. A presença de vestígios de impurezas foi mostrado para alterar drasticamente as propriedades de agregação propensão do péptido. 5
Traditionally, a cromatografia líquida (HPLC) de separação dos péptidos hidrofóbicos, tais como Ap alto desempenho tem sido feito através da utilização de uma combinação de C 4 ou C 8 fases estacionárias à base de sílica e uma fase móvel de ácido. 6 No entanto, tais condições podem apresentar um desafio para a purificação do péptido. O ponto isoeléctrico baixo do péptido Ap (pi de aproximadamente 5,5) 7 significa que, sob condições ácidas, a agregação peptídica é aumentada e, como resultado grandes picos de HPLC, não resolvidas que são muitas vezes difíceis de isolar são produzidas (Figura 2A). Além disso, esses picos largos contêm frequentemente impurezas que podem ter impacto no perfil de agregação do peptídeo, e geralmente requerem ciclos subsequentes de purificação, que podem ter impacto dramaticamente a quantidade de péptido produzida.
O poli (estireno / divinilbenzeno) de fase estacionária, PLRP-S, representa um meio alternativo de PurifYing péptidos hidrofóbicos. A fase estacionária foi utilizado na purificação de um número de diferentes proteínas e ácidos ribonucleicos mensageiro (mRNA). 8, 9 A fase estacionária PLRP-S requer nenhum ligando de alquilo adicional para a separação de fase reversa, e o mais importante é quimicamente estável a um pH elevado, que leva a desagregação do péptido. 7 Relata-se um protocolo de purificação HPLC adaptado que produz alta pureza amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) e beta 40 peptídeos amilóides (Aβ40).
Protocol
Representative Results
Discussion
The HPLC purification of the Aβ peptide is highly dependent upon the choice of both the stationary phase employed in the purification and the mobile phase chosen to elute the peptide. The low isoelectric point of the peptide and high propensity for aggregation render traditional chromatographic conditions for the separation of hydrophobic proteins (C4 or C8 stationary phase coupled with an acidic mobile eluent) challenging, with the Aβ peptide eluting as a prolonged broad, non-resolved peak (Figure 2A</…
開示
The authors have nothing to disclose.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Agilent for their technical assistance. Kate Markham and Rafael Palomino are credited for their initial help in the synthesis and purification of the Aβ peptide and Dr Hsiau-Wei Lee is thanked for his help in preparing Figure 1 of the manuscript.
Materials
| Agilent 1260 Infinity II quarternary pump | Agilent | G7111B | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-pumps-vacuum-degassers/1260-infinity-ii-quaternary-pump |
| Agilent 1260 Infinity II Dual variable wavelength detector | Agilent | G7114A | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-detectors/1260-infinity-ii-variable-wavelength-detector |
| Agilent 1260 Infinity II Manual Injector fitted with 10 mL stainless steel sample loop | Agilent | 0101-1232 | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-injection-systems/1260-infinity-ii-manual-injector |
| Agilent 1260 Infinity II Manual Injector fitted with 20 µL stainless steel sample loop | Agilent | G1328C | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-injection-systems/1260-infinity-ii-manual-injector |
| Ring Stand Mounting Bracket | Agilent | 1400-3166 | |
| PEEK Tubing Blue (1/32" outer diameter х 0.010" internal diameter) | Thermo Scientific | 03-050-399 | |
| Agilent PLRP-S 300Å 8µm 25 х 300 mm column (Preparative) | Agilent | PL1212-6801 | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-columns/biomolecule-separations/plrp-s-for-biomolecules#features |
| Agilent PLRP-S 300Å 8µm 7.5 х 300 mm (Semi-Preparative) | Agilent | PL1112-6801 | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-columns/biomolecule-separations/plrp-s-for-biomolecules#features |
| Agilent PLRP-S 300Å 5 µm 4.6 x 250 mm (Analytical) | Agilent | PL1512-5501 | http://www.agilent.com/en-us/products/liquid-chromatography/lc-columns/biomolecule-separations/plrp-s-for-biomolecules#features |
| Aβ42 or Aβ40 peptide | Synthesized in-house using a CEM liberty automated peptide synthesizer. | ||
| Ammonium Hydroxide (NH4OH, 28% solution) | Fisher Scientific | A669-500 | |
| Acetonitrile | Fisher Scientific | A998-4 | |
| HPLC grade water | Fisher Scientific | W5-4 | |
| Falcon 50 ml conical centrifuge tube | Fisher Scientific | 14-954-49A | |
| Supelco PEEK Fitting One-piece fingertight, pkg of 5 ea | Sigma-Aldrich | Z227250 | |
| Normject 5cc sterile syringe | Fisher Scientific | 1481729 | |
| 16 Gauge SS Needle | Rheodyne | 3725-086 |
参考文献
- Querfurth, H. W., LaFerla, F. M. Alzheimer’s Disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 362 (4), 329-344 (2010).
- McGowan, E., et al. Aβ42 Is Essential for Parenchymal and Vascular Amyloid Deposition in Mice. Neuron. 47 (2), 191-199 (2005).
- Gong, Y., et al. Alzheimer’s disease-affected brain: Presence of oligomeric Aβ ligands (ADDLs) suggests a molecular basis for reversible memory loss. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100 (18), 10417-10422 (2003).
- Selkoe, D. J. Soluble Oligomers of the Amyloid β-Protein Impair Synaptic Plasticity and Behavior. Behav Brain Res. 192 (1), 106-113 (2008).
- Zagorski, M. G., Yang, J., Shao, H., Ma, K., Zeng, H., Hong, A. Methodological and Chemical Factors Affecting Amyloid β Peptide Amyloidogenicity. Methods Enzymol. 309, 189-204 (1999).
- Kim, W., Hecht, M. H. Mutations Enhance the Aggregation Propensity of the Alzheimer’s Aβ Peptide. J Mol Bio. 377 (2), 565-574 (2008).
- Fezoui, Y., et al. An improved method of preparing the amyloid beta-protein for fibrillogenesis and neurotoxicity experiments. Amyloid. 7 (3), 166-178 (2000).
- Zhelev, N. Z., Barratt, M. J., Mahadevan, L. C. Use of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography on polystyrene-divinylbenzene columns for the rapid separation and purification of acid-soluble nuclear proteins. J Chromatogr A. 763 (1-2), 65-70 (1997).
- Thess, A., et al. Sequence-engineered mRNA Without Chemical Nucleoside Modifications Enables an Effective Protein Therapy in Large Animals. Mol Ther. 23 (9), 1456-1464 (2015).
- Warner, C. J. A., Dutta, S., Foley, A. R., Raskatov, J. A. Introduction of D-glutamate at a critical residue of Aβ42 stabilizes a pre-fibrillary aggregate with enhanced toxicity. Chem Eur J. 22 (34), 11967-11970 (2016).
- Thompson, J. A., Lim, T. K., Barrow, C. J. On-line High-performance Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Investigation of Amyloid-β Peptide Variants Found in Alzheimer’s Disease. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 (23), 2348-2351 (1999).
- Layne, E. Spectrophotometric and turbidimetric methods for measuring proteins. Met. Enzymology. 3, 447-455 (1957).
- Ioannou, J. C., Donald, A. M., Tromp, R. H. Characterizing the secondary structure changes occurring in high density systems of BLG dissolved in aqueous pH 3 buffer. Food Hydro. 46, 216-225 (2015).
- Rahimi, F., Maiti, P., Bitan, G. Photo-Induced Cross-Linking of Unmodified Proteins (PICUP) Applied to Amyloidogenic Peptides. J. Vis. Exp. (23), e1071 (2009).
- Bitan, G., Kirkitadze, M. D., Lomakin, A., Vollers, S. S., Benedek, G. B., Teplow, D. B. Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) assembly: Aβ40 and Aβ42 oligomerize through distinct pathways. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100 (1), 330-335 (2003).
