In an experiment, multiple arithmetic operations are often required. Here, the uncertainty associated with the first measurement propagates to the next in a cascading sequence. Knowing the uncertainty associated with each measurement makes it possible to estimate the uncertainty from random errors from all arithmetic operations. For addition and subtraction operations, the absolute uncertainty of the outcome is the square root of the sum of uncertainties expressed in absolute variances. For multiplication and division operations, the relative uncertainty in the outcome is the square root of the sum of uncertainties calculated as the relative variances. For the exponential function operation, the relative uncertainty in the outcome is the relative uncertainty of the base value multiplied by the exponent.