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Chapter 12

Freezing and Thawing in Concrete

Concrete structures in cold climates, like wet roadside curbs, retain moisture, making them vulnerable to frost action and subsequent damage. The de-icing …
Concrete is prone to frost damage during freeze-thaw cycles. Air entrainment is one of the strategies employed to enhance frost resistance. Introducing …
Air-entraining agents improve the durability and workability of concrete in climates with frequent freezing and thawing. The air-entraining agents prevent …
Air entrainment significantly improves the durability of concrete against freeze-thaw cycles. The ideal air content protects the concrete, preventing …
Air entrainment using air-entraining agents introduces tiny bubbles into concrete, enhancing durability under freeze-thaw conditions. These bubbles create …
For slender and lightweight structures, vibration serviceability is a matter of growing concern, often constituting the critical design requirement. With …
The rapid development of X-ray imaging techniques with image processing and analysis skills has enabled the acquisition of CT images of granular soils …
Fabry-Pérot etalons (FPE) have found their way into many applications. In fields such as spectroscopy, telecommunications, and astronomy, FPEs are …