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Chapter 3

Chapter 3

Wood

Trees, the source of wood, have a trunk enveloped by a shielding layer of dead bark. Under the dead outer bark is living bark. Next is the cambium, then …
Most cone-bearing trees have needle-like leaves and are classified as softwoods, and most hardwood trees have broad leaves that are shed on a seasonal …
Long, rectangular pieces of wood used in construction are called lumber. Logs harvested from trees are debarked and repeatedly fed through an automated …
Wood fibers align along the tree's length, giving it up to twenty times higher tensile strength along the fibers than across them. Wood is also …
Consider an unseasoned lumber used for flooring—the lumber contracts when the moisture evaporates, creating gaps at the joints of the floor. Wood …
Wood surfacing is done to achieve a smoother finish, ensure more accurate dimensions, and make handling safer. Dimensions of wood are marginally increased …
Growth defects in wood include knots, which are formed where branches connect to the tree trunk, knotholes that result from loose knots falling out, decay …
In wood structures, fasteners hold components in place. Connection strength mainly depends on direct member bearing. Different fasteners, like nails, are …
Wood products are formed by bonding wood strands, veneers, lumber, and waste materials like wood shreds for structural and nonstructural applications. …
Veneer is a thin sheet of wood that is produced with a thickness of roughly one-eighth of an inch or less. Positioning a log into a large lathe and …
Standard wood panels used for flooring, siding, and roofing have dimensions of 4 feet by 8 feet in width and length, and their thickness can range from …
Recently, the interest in plant seed meal-based products as wood adhesives has steadily increased, as these plant raw materials are considered renewable …
Delignified densified wood is a new promising and sustainable material that possesses the potential to replace synthetic materials, such as glass fiber …
Construction and demolition waste (CDW), including valuable materials such as plastics, have a remarkable influence on the waste sector. In order for …