Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) bind to specific planes of ice to prevent or slow ice growth. Fluorescence-based ice plane affinity (FIPA) analysis is a modification of the original ice-etching method for determination of AFP-bound ice planes. AFPs are fluorescently labeled, incorporated into macroscopic single ice crystals, and visualized under UV light.
Basu, K., Garnham, C. P., Nishimiya, Y., Tsuda, S., Braslavsky, I., Davies, P. Determining the Ice-binding Planes of Antifreeze Proteins by Fluorescence-based Ice Plane Affinity. J. Vis. Exp. (83), e51185, doi:10.3791/51185 (2014).