Thromboembolic disorders and bleeding disorders are two types of disruptions in hemostasis. The thromboembolic disorders are characterized by the formation of an undesirable blood clot or thrombus in an unbroken vessel. Such clots can be caused by conditions that roughen endothelium, such as arteriosclerosis, infection, or trauma. Sluggish blood flow through narrow blood vessels or in bedridden patients can also prompt procoagulant accumulation. The resulting blockade can cause ischemic tissue damage or dislodge emboli to other body parts, causing complications like organ damage, stroke, or heart attack. Alternatively, impaired blood clotting mechanisms can cause bleeding disorders. Vitamin K deficiency affects the production of clotting factors by the liver, specifically prothrombin, Factors VII, IX, and X. Conditions like bone marrow diseases and drug toxicity can cause a low platelet count or thrombocytopenia, leading to spontaneous bleeding from small blood vessels and purplish spots on the skin. Hemophilias are hereditary bleeding disorders resulting from the lack of clotting factors. Based on the deficient clotting factor, they are classified as hemophilia A, B, and C.