Elasticity, Creep, and Shrinkage in Concrete

When a concrete specimen is subjected to moderate or high magnitude uniaxial compressive or tensile stresses,  the resulting strain varies …

Stress analysis in concrete structures prone to dynamic and impact loading employs the dynamic modulus, which is greater than the static modulus of …

When a loaded concrete member is subjected to constant stress that is sustained over time, the strain in the member increases, resulting in its …

In concrete mixes, the hardened cement paste primarily contributes to creep, while the aggregates in the mix restrain creep. Aggregates with a high …

Reinforced concrete beams subjected to creep undergo increased deflection. This may result in further bending of the beam, widening existing cracks, and …

The loss of water or chemical reactions reduces the concrete's volume, a process known as shrinkage.  Practically, shrinkage in concrete is …

When hardened concrete is exposed to unsaturated air, the free water present in its capillaries evaporates out of the pores. This causes the movement of …

In the presence of moisture, atmospheric carbon dioxide entering the concrete surface transforms into carbonic acid, which chemically reacts with the …

After placing concrete, water may rise to the top of the mix, settling the aggregates. If reinforcements within the concrete obstruct this natural …

When large volumes of concrete are placed, if the temperature of the concrete on the surface and the interior region is different, thermal cracks may …

In dry and hot conditions, placing fresh concrete at high temperatures accelerates the setting and leads to rapid evaporation of water from the concrete, …

During cold weather, when freshly placed concrete starts to freeze before it sets, the water in the concrete converts to ice, resulting in its expansion. …