Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the axon terminal, where it prepares to transmit the signal to a neighboring neuron.
At the synapse, the point of connection between two neurons and the method of signal transmission can vary. Synapses are broadly categorized into two types: electrical and chemical.
Electrical synapse
Chemical synapse