17.2:

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

JoVE Core
Organic Chemistry
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JoVE Core Organic Chemistry
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

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01:23 min

April 30, 2023

Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).

Figure1

The naming of aromatic compounds also depends on the chain length of the alkyl group attached to the benzene ring. If the alkyl chain has six or fewer carbons, the compound is named alkyl-substituted benzene. For example, propylbenzene, where the alkyl group has three carbons.

Figure2

However, if the alkyl chain has more than six carbons or contains other preferential functional groups, the compound is named a phenyl-substituted derivative. The substituent obtained from benzene is termed phenyl (Ph-), whereas that derived from toluene is benzyl (Bn-) groups. For example, 1-phenylheptane, where the alkyl chain has seven carbons,

Figure3

1-phenyl-1-pentanone with a ketone functional group,

Figure4

diphenyl ether, where the key functional group is ether,

Figure5

and benzyl bromide derived from toluene.

Figure6

In general, the substituents derived from arenes by loss of hydrogen are called aryls. Some of the simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives have acquired common names accepted by IUPAC nomenclature. For example, vinylbenzene is styrene, and isopropylbenzene is cumene. Benzaldehyde and Benzoic acid are other examples.

Figure7