Volumetric glassware, such as graduated cylinders and volumetric pipettes, should be used to measure liquid volumes. Always used the smallest volumetric glassware possible for the volume being measured. If you are dispensing a liquid, ensure that the glassware is for dispensing the precise volume.
Round-bottom flasks are used to perform reactions under high heat or vacuum because the round shape is more resistant to cracking. They also provide more uniform heating or cooling than Erlenmeyer flasks.
Gravity filtration uses the force of gravity to separate solids from liquids. The solution is simply poured through a funnel containing a filter paper. Vacuum filtration utilizes a vacuum to pull the liquid through the filter paper. Vacuum filtration requires using a Büchner funnel and vacuum flask setup.
Bunsen burners are not used in the organic chemistry lab because most organic compounds and solvents are flammable.
Reflux is used when a reaction must remain heated at a certain temperature in order to proceed. The reflux setup utilizes a condenser that turns gaseous vapor back into the liquid phase, which prevents the loss of solvent due to evaporation.
Source: Lara Al Hariri at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
Here, we show the laboratory preparation for 10 students working in pairs, with some excess. Please adjust quantities as needed.
| 2 Lab stands |
| 1 Stirring hotplate |
| 1 Lab jack |
| 1 Small thermometer clamp |
| 3 Medium 3-prong clamp |
| 1 Condenser |
| 2 Rubber tubing |
| 2 Vacuum tubing |
| 3 50-mL beaker |
| 2 250-mL beaker |
| 1 600-mL beaker |
| 1 5-mL graduated cylinder |
| 1 10-mL graduated cylinder |
| 1 50-mL graduated cylinder |
| 1 250-mL filter flask |
| 1 50-mL round-bottom flask with cork holder |
| 1 Büchner funnel with rubber adaptor |
| 2 Pasteur pipette bulbs |
| 1 Stir bar |
| 1 Glass stirring rod |
| 1 Roll of lab tape with pen |
| 1 Thermometer |
