Mixing, Placing and Curing Concrete

The primary goal of mixing concrete is to stir its ingredients, ensuring the aggregates are evenly coated with cement paste, resulting in a uniform …

Concrete mixers are initially charged with 10 percent of the total water, followed by consistent additions of solid materials and 80 percent of the total …

Concrete that is prepared at a centralized facility and then delivered to the job site in trucks, ready for placement, is known as ready-mixed or …

Concrete can be transported through pipelines over long distances to be placed in locations difficult to access, such as deep foundation pits. The system …

Concrete should be placed close to its final position in uniform horizontal layers. After laying, the concrete layer is fully compacted to expel the …

Mechanical vibrators are used to compact freshly placed concrete in forms and around the reinforcement to expel the entrapped air and form a dense …

Shotcrete involves spraying mortar or small aggregate concrete rich in mortar through a hose at high velocity onto a surface that is typically …

Preplaced aggregate concrete is produced by initially placing gap-graded coarse aggregate that is sufficiently wet within the formwork and compacting it. …

After consolidating the placed concrete, excess material is removed from the surface and flushed with the formwork's top using a screed. Subsequently, …

Cement hydration occurs in the water-filled capillary pores of cement paste. Environmental factors like air temperature, humidity, and wind can cause …

Oiling and moistening forms before pouring concrete aid in curing concrete members with a small surface-to-volume ratio. These forms may be left in place …

Concrete curing is accelerated by applying heat and adding moisture, yielding concrete with higher early strength. Steam curing, often used for precast …