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Chapter 4

Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a progressive respiratory illness that causes airflow obstruction, affecting the bronchioles, bronchi, …
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD , is primarily caused by chronic airway inflammation due to exposure to irritants such as cigarette smoke, …
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, is a progressive condition characterized by three primary symptoms: chronic cough, sputum production, and …
Assessment of COPD involves reviewing the patient's medical history, focusing on chronic cough, sputum production, dyspnea, history of exacerbations, …
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease management, or COPD, includes several key components. Firstly, smoking cessation is crucial. Healthcare providers …
Nursing management of COPD involves five steps. First, the nurse assesses the patient's detailed medical history, focusing on risk factors like …
Asthma involves airway inflammation and increased sensitivity, often caused by allergens and irritants. When an individual is exposed to allergens, the …
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by hyperresponsive airways, mucosal swelling, and excessive mucus production. These conditions …
Asthma is classified based on symptom frequency and severity, with the main categories being intermittent and persistent asthma. People with intermittent …
Diagnosis and management of asthma start with healthcare providers systematically gathering the patient's clinical history, including reports of …
Nursing management of asthma encompasses assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. First, the nurse gathers the patient's …
As a systemic disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects the respiratory system, inducing restless and exercise dyspnea. It also …
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airway which can lead to symptoms such as recurrent wheezing, shortness of breath, chest …