The transfer function is a mathematical representation that describes the system's output for each possible input in the frequency domain.
Consider a …
Electrical networks are first represented by equivalent circuits consisting of three passive linear components: resistors, capacitors, and inductors.
…
In mechanical systems, springs, and masses are akin to the roles of inductors and capacitors in electrical networks, with the energy-dissipating function …
Electromechanical systems represent a unique blend of electrical and mechanical components that integrate seamlessly.
A DC motor is a unit that transforms …
Linear systems exhibit superposition, summing responses to individual inputs, and homogeneity, scaling responses consistently to an input multiplied by a …
The frequency-domain technique, which is commonly used for analyzing and designing feedback control systems, is only suitable for linear, time-invariant …
State-space representation is used for simulating physical systems on digital computers. For this, the transfer function must first be converted into …
State-space representation can also be converted into a transfer function in system analysis.
The transformation begins with the given state and output …
Nonlinear systems find a superior modeling in state-space representation.
Consider a simple pendulum represented in state-space with the center of mass at …
Lightning is one of the most common and destructive forces in nature and has long been studied using spectroscopic techniques, first with traditional …
