Plant Responses to the Environment

Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are …

Light plays a significant role in regulating the growth and development of plants. In addition to providing energy for photosynthesis, light provides …

The circadian—or biological—clock is an intrinsic, timekeeping, molecular mechanism that allows plants to coordinate physiological activities …

Gravitropism: Plant Responses to Gravity Higher plants sense gravity using statocytes, cells found near the vascular tissue in shoots, and in the root …

Water plays a significant role in the life cycle of plants. However, insufficient or excess of water can be detrimental and pose a serious threat to …

Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will …

Salt stress—which can be triggered by high salt concentrations in a plant’s environment—can significantly affect plant growth and crop …

Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper …