Two protocols for determining the equilibrium surface tension (EST) values using the emerging bubble method (EBM) and the spinning bubble method (SBM) are presented for a surfactant-containing aqueous phase against air.
Chung, J., Boudouris, B. W., Franses, E. I. Accurate Determination of the Equilibrium Surface Tension Values with Area Perturbation Tests. J. Vis. Exp. (150), e59818, doi:10.3791/59818 (2019).