In this study, a nano-microfluidic flow chamber was employed to visualize and functionally characterize the twitching motility of Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium that causes Pierce's disease in grapevine.
Shi, X., Lin, H. Visualization of Twitching Motility and Characterization of the Role of the PilG in Xylella fastidiosa. J. Vis. Exp. (110), e53816, doi:10.3791/53816 (2016).